Showing papers in "Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology in 1975"

TL;DR: The results suggest that renal GSH may be a determinant in the deposition of mercury in the kidney and a high degree of correlation was found between renal mercury accumulation and renal G SH concentration when data from all depletion experiments were considered.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the partial hydrolysis of DEHP to the monoester (MEHP) is the degradative step which determines the hepatic changes produced by DEHP.

TL;DR: There was a gradual decrease in susceptibility to poisoning by both insecticides with increasing age up to 35–40 days for both sexes, consistent with a hypothesis that changes in LD50 values of methyl parathion and parathions with age are due to changes in rates of metabolism of the oxygen analogs.

TL;DR: None of the compounds showed any effect on growth, food consumption, leucocyte count, or on organ to body weight ratios for liver, kidney, spleen, and adrenal, except for slight liver enlargement caused by Aroclor 1254.

TL;DR: Elevated carboxyhemoglobin content was observed in mice and rats exposed to methylene chloride and none was teratogenic in either species of animal at the concentrations studied.

TL;DR: It is concluded that neither rabbit nor guinea pig skin should be relied upon exclusively to identify potentially hazardous irritants to human skin and that the testing of abraded skin is unnecessary and can be misleading in the interpretation of the results, making the animal tests less, rather than more, reliable.

TL;DR: Based upon 15-min inhalation periods by humans and the animal findings, the concentration judged acceptable for 8 hr/day, 5 days/week of inhalation was 0.44 mg/liter (90 ppm), which was well tolerated by human volunteers in sensory threshold studies.

TL;DR: Postnatal survival of newborn exposed in utero to lead on Day 9 of gestation was very poor and the placenta appeared to greatly limit the passage of lead since large maternal-fetal concentration gradients existed.

TL;DR: Ototoxic effects of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) were evaluated by the disappearance of Preyer's reflex in response to pure tones of 5, 7, and 10 kHz and by histopathological evaluation of the inner ear with surface preparations or midmodiolar sections.

TL;DR: Of these animals, only the pigtail monkey reliably developed a severe metabolic organic acidosis resembling that observed in humans, and systemic formate concentrations remained low in rats and monkeys which failed to become acidotic following methanol administration.

TL;DR: The potentiation by pretreatment with ethanol, but not with isopropanol, of the hepatotoxicity of thioacetamide and dimethylnitrosamine in male rats suggests that ethanol pretreatment also activates some additional mechanisms.

TL;DR: Although lead concentrations in calcified tissues increased with age, in several tissues the lead concentrations decreased, and some of these decreases were associated with aging and pathological changes.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of metaliothionein was studied in the liver of rats given 109 CdCl 2, and the concentration of radioactivity in the kidney remained essentially constant for up to 7 days after administration.

TL;DR: The results show that the brain of the 1- to 10-day-old suckling rat pup is particularly sensitive to lead exposure with residual effects produced on learning present in the 8- to10-wk-old adult after blood lead concentrations have returned to control values.

TL;DR: The rhesus monkey may be a suitable animal model for percutaneous absorption studies of relevance to man because it shows the same low, middle, and high absorption of selected compounds as in man.

TL;DR: The most sensitive component was serum albumin that was decreased significantly at the smallest level and was decreased to the greatest extent at the highest level and can be explained by a hypothesis that aflatoxin or an active metabolite binds randomly to template deoxyribonucleic acid and inhibits the larger transcribing units such as those for serumalbumin and lipid before the smaller transcribingunits are inhibited.

TL;DR: It is concluded that diquat is reduced by a different electron transferring agent than either paraquat or morfamquat, which is inconsistent with the hypothesis that selectively enhanced rates of radical production in the target organs are responsible for the specificities observed.

TL;DR: Saccharin administration was not accompanied by an increase in tumor incidence, although high doses were associated with reduced body weight in both sexes and decreased longevity in male rats.

TL;DR: The acute and chronic toxicity of N -Nitrosamines and N -nitrosamides are reviewed in general terms and emphasis is made of the relationship between metabolism and toxicity.

TL;DR: Glucose turnover studies indicated that the mechanism of action of nickel appears to be in the inhibition of insulin release, which could be related to the extremely high concentration of nickel found in the pituitary and the effect of nickel on the secretion of the pituitsary hormones.

TL;DR: No statistically significant differences from control groups, receiving only the uniformly shared dilution air, occurred among groups of beagles and rats that inhaled measured concentrations 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk at levels of 3.5(810), 2.0(460), and 0.77 mg/liter (180 ppm).

TL;DR: Pretreatment of the rats with 3-methylcholanthrene did not protect against the hepatic damage or the decrease in the activity of benzphetamine N -demethylase seen on administration of aflatoxin B 1 .

TL;DR: The suggested hygienic standard for inhalation of Stoddard solvent for man is 1.2 mg/liter (200 ppm) based upon the results of inhalation studies with rats and dogs and sensory response of human subjects.

TL;DR: Oral DPH and oral DAP, at a higher dosage level, produce a similar teratogenic effect, cleft palate, in the Swiss-Webster mouse.

TL;DR: In a protein-deficient diet 4,4′-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) caused lung tumors in the experimental animals of both sexes, liver tumors in males, and malignant mammary tumor in females.

TL;DR: 4,4′-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) is definitely carcinogenic in female mice and a higher incidence of tumors was observed in treated animals than in controls.

TL;DR: Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver necrosis was more intense in the mouse than in the guinea pig or the hamster, which are more susceptible than the rat, and the chicken was resistant to CCl 4.

TL;DR: In vitro glucuronyl transferase assays demonstrated that the sea lamprey had a lower rate of formation of TFM glucuronide when compared to trout, and in vivo, sea lampreys exhibited a much higher ratio of free to conjugated TFM than trout.

TL;DR: The objectives, protocols, and procedures followed in the study of the inhalation toxicity of a series of petroleum hydrocarbons are presented and it is hoped that the information gathered will provide a basis for predicting the toxicity of closely related hydrocarbon mixtures that are articles of commerce.