Showing papers in "World Development in 1991"

TL;DR: A review of the literature that has sprung up around the concept of sustainable development indicates, however, a lack of consistency in its interpretation as mentioned in this paper, leading to inadequacies and contradictions in policy making in the context of international trade, agriculture, and forestry.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine ways in which these narratives can be improved or superseded, and four case studies show how policy makers and practitioners can think more enterprisingly about development narratives specifically and blueprint development generally.

TL;DR: The Human Development Index (HDI) as discussed by the authors assesses intercountry development levels on the basis of three so-called deprivation indicators: life expectancy, adult literacy and the logarithm of purchasing power adjusted per capita GDP.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that general tax policies, special tax incentives, the rules of land allocation, and the agricultural credit system all accelerate deforestation in the Amazon, and that these policies increase the size of land holdings and reduce the chances of the poor to become farmers.

TL;DR: In Onitsha, Nigeria, most people obtain their water from an elaborate and well-organized water vending system which is run by the private sector as mentioned in this paper, where 275 tanker trucks collect water from private boreholes and sell it to households and businesses equipped with water storage facilities.

TL;DR: In this paper, a statistical analysis of the causes of agricultural colonization and land clearing in eastern Ecuador is presented, which supports many of the arguments that have been made about the social forces driving tropical deforestation.

TL;DR: In this article, a survey of micro-macro computable general equilibrium (CGE) models that incorporate asset markets and product and factor markets is presented, and the theoretical problems such models face in reconciling micro-focused CGE models with macro models incorporating dynamic behavior.

TL;DR: In the last 40 years since the Prebisch-Singer terms of trade deterioration hypothesis was first proposed, the commodity composition of exports of developing countries has undergone a major change in the direction of dominance of manufactures in their nonfuel exports, with strong growth in the volume of their manufactured exports as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: This paper examined the structure of poverty in Indonesia by sector of employment, and how it changed during the adjustment period, 1984 to 1987, and found that while aggregate poverty decreased during the period, the gains to the poor were quite uneven across regions and sectors.

TL;DR: The UNDP's first annual Human Development Report is reviewed and discussed in this article, which introduces a new index, the human development index (HDI), as a counter to measures of national income such as GDP.

TL;DR: In the 1970s and until 1982 the growth performance of the Indonesian economy was very good, with GDP growing at 72 percent per annum Oil exports provided the major engine of growth for the entire economy during that period in addition, within agriculture, growth was fueled by the boom in paddy production which converted Indonesia from the largest rice importing country in the world to virtual self-sufficiency.

TL;DR: This paper integrated the existing Dutch Disease models of an oil boom into a reduced-form three-sector model and estimated it for five developing oil-exporting countries having significant agricultural and manufacturing sectors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors report that urban-rural ties in what then Eastern Nigeria were remarkably strong in 1961-1962, suggesting that urban dwellers lived in a dual system: fully committed to urban life and belonging to the rural community from which they had come.

TL;DR: In this paper, the need for and nature of an ethic of Third World and global development is discussed, and five considerations explain and justify these interests: ethical dilemmas in development practice, changes in development theory, the concept of development theory-practice, the end of ethical neutrality in science and technology, and the needs of philosophy.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the evidence in support of export promotion and export-led growth is not as strong as is sometimes suggested and that the effectiveness of such policies depends on both the level of development and the structure of exports.

TL;DR: If one man starts a new idea, it is taken up by others and combined with suggestions of their own; and thus it becomes the source of further new ideas as discussed by the authors, and presently subsidiary trades grow up in the neighbourhood, supplying it with implements and materials.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the Ecuadorian experience with these dilemmas and build a real-financial CGE model to explore alternative approaches to stabilization made necessary by both a reduction in public foreign borrowing and a fall in world oil prices.

TL;DR: The authors introduced the general structure of the "micro-macro" economywide simulation model (maquette) used in several case studies on the impact of adjustment policies on the distribution of income.

TL;DR: In this article, the nature and role of the so-called "informal sector" are re-examined, on the basis of a detailed country study, using different data sources relating to Kenya which have recently been published or become available.

TL;DR: A landmark study called the Human Development Report 1990 was brought out by the United Nations Development Program in May 1990 and its contributions were in providing a definition and measurement of human development, policy analysis, and several recommendations as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of adjustment policies on the distribution of income in Chile, Cote d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Morocco.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an integrated view of what is termed a "structuralist" perspective to economic growth and development that stands in contrast to the mainstream orthodox or neoclassical view.

TL;DR: In the early 1980s, UNICEF became increasingly concerned with the setbacks in health, education and child nutrition arising in many developing countries as mentioned in this paper, and the development of its policy of "adjustment with a human face".

TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of exchange rate uncertainty on Pakistan's exports to the developed world for 1974-85 was investigated and strong evidence to suggest that exports were adversely affected by the increased variability of its bilateral exchange rates.

TL;DR: This article explored the political economy of Egypt's failure to implement policy reforms during the 1980s despite mounting problems of international indebtedness, macroeconomics imbalances, microdistortions, lack of employment creation, and the need for poverty alleviation.

TL;DR: This article showed that having many children is one of the few ways households can confront their poverty and recent vegetation changes affect rates of erosion, mass wasting, sedimentation, and flooding much less than previously thought.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the reasons for the discrepancy between word and deed of grass-roots development policies in rural Thailand and argue that the hierarchical nature of Thai society provides much of the explanation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the results of field interviews with national manufactures in the information industry in South Korea and Taiwan on their strategic orientation toward innovation and acquisition of technology and report that Korean firms pursue a high-volume assembly strategy; Taiwanese firms follow a bootstrap strategy, with small size at entry, a high propensity for risk-taking, and rapid rates of expansion.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an approach to model and measure the degree of financial openness in developing economies using data from a large number of developing countries and showed that the effective degree of capital mobility in such economies may be higher than commonly assumed.

TL;DR: In the latter half of the decade, there were, apparently, very major changes in the international financial institutions in these matters, in their recognition of the social costs of adjustment and of the need for changes in policies as discussed by the authors.