Showing papers in "Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice in 2021"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the protective factors that effectively serve to mitigate offending among ACE-exposed youth, and found that these factors can reduce the maltreatment-offending relationship.
Abstract: The maltreatment-offending relationship has been well elucidated. Less examined are protective factors that effectively serve to mitigate offending among ACE-exposed youth. The current study examin...
32 citations
TL;DR: Low empathy has been implicated in antisocial, aggressive, and criminal behavior, especially among adolescents as mentioned in this paper, and less understood is the extent to which empathy is amenable to treatment.
Abstract: Low empathy has been implicated in antisocial, aggressive, and criminal behavior, especially among adolescents. Less understood is the extent to which empathy is amenable to treatment, and whether ...
30 citations
TL;DR: A number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between childhood trauma, violence, and justice involvement as discussed by the authors, and as a result, the juvenile justice systems have become more attune to the needs of traumatized youth.
Abstract: Research has demonstrated a relationship between childhood trauma, violence, and justice involvement. As juvenile justice systems have become more attune to the needs of traumatized youth, a number...
30 citations
TL;DR: While ACEs increased the likelihood of being rearrested for any violent felony, the effects were particularly strong for domestic violence and sexual offenses among white females and minority males.
Abstract: A growing body of literature has found that exposure to child maltreatment and other forms of family dysfunction, often conceptualized as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), are associated with d...
16 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that individuals with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to offend, and that some ACEs such as offending and child maltreatment are transmitted from one generation to another.
Abstract: Research indicates that individuals with Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are more likely to offend, and that some ACEs, such as offending and child maltreatment, are transmitted from one gener...
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether juvenile court outcomes and case-level influences on those outcomes varied across urban and rural courts using a sample drawn from the United States Sentencing Commission.
Abstract: Drawing on Feld’s (1991) “justice by geography” thesis, we examined whether juvenile court outcomes and case-level influences on those outcomes varied across urban and rural courts. Using a sample ...
12 citations
TL;DR: This work has shown that repeated exposure to ACEs at an early age increases the risk for negative health and psychological outcomes in both the adolescent and adults.
Abstract: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have long been recognized for negatively influencing individual outcomes such that each additional ACE exposure increases the risk for negative health and behav...
11 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined whether racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile justice declined significantly in a state that has made substantial reform efforts in compliance with the Disproportionation of Prisoners (DOP) principle.
Abstract: The present study examines whether racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile justice declined significantly in a state that has made substantial reform efforts in compliance with the Disproportiona...
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors cast the first light into the initial impacts of the largest global health crisis in a generation on family and domestic violence, the long-term repercussions of which may...
Abstract: The current study castssome of the first light into the initial impacts of the largest global health crisis in a generation on family and domestic violence, the long-term repercussions of which may...
10 citations
TL;DR: Anderson's Code of the Street thesis suggests that stronger belief in, and adherence to, subcultural "street code" norms increases the risk of criminal and aggressive behaviors, particularly among...
Abstract: Anderson’s Code of the Street thesis suggests that stronger belief in, and adherence to, subcultural “street code” norms increases the risk of criminal and aggressive behaviors, particularly among ...
9 citations
TL;DR: This article found that youth who are dually involved in both foster care and criminal justice systems represent a small minority of individuals with multi-problem risk profiles, and that foster care is not a safe place for them.
Abstract: Youth who are dually involved in both foster care and criminal justice systems represent a small minority of individuals with multi-problem risk profiles. Prior research has found that foster care ...
TL;DR: The United States Supreme Court decision in Miller v. Alabama highlighted the importance of an individual's "incorrigibility" and the prospect of "irreparable corruption" when weighing possible lifetimes.
Abstract: The United States Supreme Court decision in Miller v. Alabama highlighted the importance of an individual’s “incorrigibility” and the prospect of “irreparable corruption” when weighing possible lif...
TL;DR: The consequences of incarceration for juveniles are vast and well-documented as discussed by the authors, however, there is some evidence that youth can experience positive transformations, including improvements in dynamic relationships with the outside world.
Abstract: The consequences of incarceration for juveniles are vast and well-documented. There is some evidence, though, that youth can experience positive transformations, including improvements in dynamic r...
TL;DR: Results demonstrate heightened traumatic exposure is related to smaller reductions in dynamic risk and to an increased probability of reoffending, but that youth receiving matched services coupled with adequate dosage leads to greater treatment progress and lower recidivism post-release for both low-ACE and high-ACE youth.
Abstract: Best practices in juvenile justice call for the individualized matching of services to assessed dynamic risk factors, with services delivered at sufficient dosage. However, prior work has largely i...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine psychopathy and trauma exposure in youth conduct problems and examine the interrelation of these constructs, and find that psychopathy is associated with youth conduct disorders.
Abstract: Psychopathy and trauma exposure are robustly associated with youth conduct problems, but the interrelation of these constructs is unclear. The objective of the present study is to examine psychopat...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outlined the Central Eight assessment domains, and the landscape and utility of criminal justice assessments extended, and tool developers expanded upon their work and proposed new domains.
Abstract: Since their seminal work, Andrews and Bonta outlined the Central Eight assessment domains. As the landscape and utility of criminal justice assessments extended, tool developers expanded upon their...
TL;DR: This article examined the associations between truancy, bully victimization, and violent offending and found that truancy and being bullied are independently linked to violent offending, and that being bullied is associated with being a bully.
Abstract: Research indicates truancy and being bullied (otherwise called bully victimization) are independently linked to violent offending. We examine the associations between truancy, bully victimization, ...
TL;DR: The authors identified distinct and meaningful profiles of the seven criminogenic risk and need domains included on the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) and identified the most important domains for each of them.
Abstract: The goal of this study was to identify distinct and meaningful profiles of the seven criminogenic risk and need domains included on the Ohio Youth Assessment System—Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS). Thi...
TL;DR: This article investigated whether race moderates the effect of age on juvenile court dispositions in ways that illuminate a subtler form of racial disparities than has been previously identifi ced by race.
Abstract: The present study investigated whether race moderates the effect of age on juvenile court dispositions in ways that illuminate a subtler form of racial disparities than has been previously identifi...
TL;DR: In this article, the constellations of co-occurring risk factors, such as adverse childhood experiences and low self-control, are examined for offending, but far less is known on the constellation of cooccurring co-existing risk factors for offending.
Abstract: Considerable research has examined risk factors for offending, but far less is known on the constellations of co-occurring risk factors, such as adverse childhood experiences and low self-control, ...
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that racial inequalities pervade U.S. justice systems and are the focus of a growing body of research, however, there are fewer studies on racial disparities in juvenile justice settings, particularly o...
Abstract: Racial inequalities pervade U.S. justice systems and are the focus of a growing body of research. However, there are fewer studies on racial disparities in juvenile justice settings, particularly o...
TL;DR: This paper examined the potential for actuarial risk assessments to exacerbate racial disparities in justice settings and examined that potential when used in the context of risk assessment in criminal justice systems, and found that risk assessment can exacerbate race disparities.
Abstract: Various groups have expressed considerable concern about the potential for actuarial risk assessments to exacerbate racial disparities in justice settings. This study examined that potential when u...
TL;DR: The relationship between psychopathy and negative behavioral, social, and health outcomes has lead to calls to identify factors that promote change in features of psychopathy as mentioned in this paper, given that maturation occurs with age.
Abstract: The relationship between psychopathy and negative behavioral, social, and health outcomes has lead to calls to identify factors that promote change in features of psychopathy. Given that maturation...
TL;DR: This paper assessed a developmental model of the influence of psychopathic traits on personality traits and behavioral outcomes, and found that risk perception was a mechanism linking personality traits with behavioral outcomes and the role of risk perception in personality traits.
Abstract: Research on the role of risk perception as a mechanism linking personality traits and behavioral outcomes is limited. The current study assessed a developmental model of the influence of psychopath...
TL;DR: The authors examined the impact of legal representation on out-of-home placement versus community sanctions in the context of juvenile court outcomes and found that legal representation had a significant impact on the outcomes.
Abstract: While prior studies of juvenile court outcomes have examined the impact of legal representation on out-of-home placement versus community sanctions, previous research has not fully explored the var...