Journal ArticleDOI
A cascade of disparities: health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities.
TLDR
Recent conceptualizations that begin to disentangle health from disability are presented, the literature from 1999 to 2005 is summarized, and recommendations for future action and research are provided.Abstract:
People with ID represent approximately 2% of the population and, as a group, experience poorer health than the general population. This article presents recent conceptualizations that begin to disentangle health from disability, summarizes the literature from 1999 to 2005 in terms of the cascade of disparities, reviews intervention issues and promising practices, and provides recommendations for future action and research. The reconceptualization of health and disability examines health disparity in terms of the determinants of health (genetic, social circumstances, environment, individual behaviors, health care access) and types of health conditions (associated, comorbid, secondary). The literature is summarized in terms of a cascade of disparities experienced by people with ID, including a higher prevalence of adverse conditions, inadequate attention to care needs, inadequate focus on health promotion, and inadequate access to quality health care services. Promising practices are reviewed from the perspective of persons with ID, providers of care and services, and policies that influence systems of care. Recommendations across multiple countries and organizations are synthesized as guidelines to direct future action. They call for promoting principles of early identification, inclusion, and self-determination of people with ID; reducing the occurrence and impact of associated, comorbid, and secondary conditions; empowering caregivers and family members; promoting healthy behaviors in people with ID; and ensuring equitable access to quality health care by people with ID. Their broadscale implementations would begin to reduce the health disparity experienced by people with ID.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with intellectual disabilities in the UK: a population-based study.
TL;DR: The Confidential Inquiry provides evidence of the substantial contribution of factors relating to the provision of care and health services to the health disparities between people with and without intellectual disabilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Poverty and people with intellectual disabilities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report that the association between poverty and intellectual disabilities accounts in part for the health and social inequalities experienced by people with intellectual disabilities and their families, and discuss the implications for policy and practice in relation to the funding of services for people with disabilities and preventative approaches to addressing the health inequalities experienced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of Healthcare Experiences in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey Facilitated by an Academic-Community Partnership
Christina Nicolaidis,Dora Raymaker,Dora Raymaker,Katherine E. McDonald,Sebastian Dern,Cody Boisclair,Elesia Ashkenazy,Amelia E.V. Baggs +7 more
TL;DR: A CBPR approach may facilitate the inclusion of people with disabilities in research by increasing researchers’ ability to create accessible data collection instruments and after adjustment for demographic characteristics, health insurance, and overall health status.
Journal ArticleDOI
“Respect the way I need to communicate with you”: Healthcare experiences of adults on the autism spectrum
Christina Nicolaidis,Christina Nicolaidis,Dora Raymaker,Elesia Ashkenazy,Katherine E. McDonald,Sebastian Dern,Amelia E.V. Baggs,Steven K. Kapp,Michael Weiner,W. Cody Boisclair +9 more
TL;DR: An in-depth understanding of autistic adults’ experiences with healthcare and their recommendations for improving care is obtained to empower patients, adequately train providers, increase the accessibility of the healthcare system, and decrease discrimination.
References
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Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
TL;DR: In this article, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment, examining how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looking at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Case For More Active Policy Attention To Health Promotion
TL;DR: Some of the factors inhibiting policy attention and resource commitment to the nonmedical determinants of population health are explored and approaches for sharpening the public policy focus to encourage disease prevention and health promotion are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Models of disablement, universalism and the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps.
TL;DR: A review and critique of models of disability is presented, tracing the development of frameworks and classificatory instruments (International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps) over the past 20 years.
Journal Article
Medical disorders of adults with mental retardation: a population study.
TL;DR: The provision of health care to adults with mental retardation needs to be improved, and compared to the local population, the study group had significantly increased cardiovascular risk factors, rates of medical consultation, rate of hospitalization, and mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Influence of Intellectual Disability on Life Expectancy
Alan H. Bittles,Beverly Petterson,Sheena G. Sullivan,Rafat Hussain,Emma J. Glasson,P.D. Montgomery +5 more
TL;DR: A study of trends in the survival profiles of people with intellectual disability in Western Australia indicates a major and expanding increase in the service requirements of this aging, intellectually disabled population during the past two generations.