Journal ArticleDOI
A Theory of the Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Dilute Solutions of Coiling Polymers
TLDR
In this paper, the necessary coordination of the motions of different parts of a polymer molecule is made the basis of a theory of the linear viscoelastic properties of dilute solutions of coiling polymers.Abstract:
The necessary coordination of the motions of different parts of a polymer molecule is made the basis of a theory of the linear viscoelastic properties of dilute solutions of coiling polymers. This is accomplished by use of the concept of the submolecule, a portion of polymer chain long enough for the separation of its ends to approximate a Gaussian probability distribution. The configuration of a submolecule is specified in terms of the vector which corresponds to its end‐to‐end separation. The configuration of a molecule which contains N submolecules is described by the corresponding set of N vectors. The action of a velocity gradient disturbs the distribution of configurations of the polymer molecules away from its equilibrium form, storing free energy in the system. The coordinated thermal motions of the segments cause the configurations to drift toward their equilibrium distribution. The coordination is taken into account by the mathematical requirement that motions of the atom which joins two submolecules change the configurations of both submolecules. By means of an orthogonal transformation of coordinates, the coordination of all the motions of the parts of a molecule is resolved into a series of modes. Each mode has a characteristic relaxation time. The theory produces equations by means of which the relaxation times, the components of the complex viscosity, and the components of the complex rigidity can be calculated from the steady flowviscosities of the solution and the solvent, the molecular weight and concentration of the polymer, and the absolute temperature. Limitations of the theory may arise from the exclusion from consideration of (1) very rapid relaxation processes involving segments shorter than the submolecule and (2) the obstruction of the motion of a segment by other segments with which it happens to be in contact. Another possible cause of disagreement between the theory and experimental data is the polydispersity of any actual polymer; this factor is important because the calculated relaxation times increase rapidly with increasing molecular weight.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Perspectives on viscoelastic flow instabilities and elastic turbulence
TL;DR: This paper provided perspectives on viscoelastic flow instabilities by integrating the input from speakers at a recent international workshop: historical remarks, characterization of fluids and flows, discussion of experimental and simulation tools, and modern questions and puzzles that motivate further studies of the subject.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rheology of a Miscible Polymer Blend at the Air-Water Interface. Quasielastic Surface Light Scattering Study and Analysis in Terms of Static and Dynamic Scaling Laws
TL;DR: In this article, surface tension and elasticity of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) + poly(4-hydroxystyrene) blends on an aqueous subphase (pH 2.0) have been studied over the whole surface concentration and blend composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microrheology and Microstructure of Fmoc-Derivative Hydrogels
TL;DR: The system reported here is one of a number of synthetic systems shown to exhibit semiflexible behavior and indicates the opportunity for further rheological study of other Fmoc derivatives.
Journal ArticleDOI
Erratum: Stresses in dilute solutions of bead‐nonlinear‐spring macromolecules. I. Steady potential and plane flows
R. I. Tanner,W. Stehrenberger +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new type of nonlinear spring (linear locked) with a finite end-to-end distance is introduced which allows closed solutions of the diffusion equation to be found, and only a simple numerical calculation of stresses is necessary.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Piezoelectric Crystals and Their Applications to Ultrasonics
Warren P. Mason,Hans Baerwald +1 more
TL;DR: Piezoelectric crystals and their application to ultrasonics were discussed in this paper, where the authors proposed a method for the extraction of the ultrasonic properties of these crystals.