Journal ArticleDOI
A Twin Study of Recent Life Events and Difficulties
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The results suggest that stressful life events reflect more than random influences, which suggest that personal and social factors that predispose to life events are substantially influenced by an individual's genetic and family background.Abstract:
Objectives: To examine the role of genetic and familialenvironmental factors in the origin of stressful life events. Design: Self-report questionnaires describing stressful life events in the last year. Participants: Both members of 2315 twin pairs ascertained from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. Results: Life events were modestly but significantly correlated in twin pairs, and correlations in monozygotic (MZ) twins consistently exceeded those in dizygotic (DZ) twins. For total life events, the best-fitting twin model indicated that familial-environmental and genetic factors each accounted for around 20% of the total variance. Individual life events could be best divided into "network events" (directly affecting individuals in the respondent's socialnetwork) where twin resemblance was due solely to the familial environment, and "personal" events (directly affecting the response) where most twin resemblance was the result of genetic factors. Conclusions: While neither genes nor familial environment is likely to directly produce life events, personal and social factors that predispose to life events are substantially influenced by an individual's genetic and family background. These results, which suggest that stressful life events reflect more than random influences, may have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between stressful life events and psychopathology.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Stress and Depression
TL;DR: There is growing interest in moving away from unidirectional models of the stress-depression association, toward recognition of the effects of contexts and personal characteristics on the occurrence of stressors, and on the likelihood of progressive and dynamic relationships between stress and depression over time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: a developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission.
Sherryl H. Goodman,Ian H. Gotlib +1 more
TL;DR: A developmentally sensitive, integrative model for understanding children's risk in relation to maternal depression is proposed and three factors that might moderate this risk are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Causal Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and the Onset of Major Depression
TL;DR: Stressed life events have a substantial causal relationship with the onset of episodes of major depression, however, about one-third of the association between stressful life events and onsets of depression is noncausal, since individuals predisposed to major depression select themselves into high-risk environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review
Sherryl H. Goodman,Matthew H. Rouse,Arin M. Connell,Michelle Robbins Broth,Christine M. Hall,Devin Heyward +5 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of 193 studies was conducted to examine the strength of the association between mothers’ depression and children’s behavioral problems or emotional functioning, with implications for theoretical models that move beyond main effects models in order to more accurately identify which children of depressed mothers are more or less at risk for specific outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of stressful life events on depression.
TL;DR: This chapter reviews recent research on the relationship between stressful life experiences and depression, and a distinction is made between aggregate studies of overall stress effects and focused studies of particular events and difficulties.
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Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women
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Journal ArticleDOI
Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults
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