Journal ArticleDOI
Acid volatile sulfide predicts the acute toxicity of cadmium and nickel in sediments
Dominic M. Di Toro,John D. Mahony,David J. Hansen,K. John Scott,Anthony R. Carlson,Gerald T. Ankley +5 more
TLDR
In this article, the molar concentration of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediment is defined as the threshold below which these metals cease to exhibit an acute toxicity in freshwater and marine sediments.Abstract:
Laboratory toxicity tests using amphipods, oligochaetes, and snails with spiked freshwater and marine sediments and with contaminated sediments collected from an EPA Superfund site demonstrate that no significant mortality occurs relative to controls if the molar concentration of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediment is greater than the molar concentration of simultaneously extracted cadmium and/or nickel. Although it is well-known that these metals can form insoluble sulfides, it apparently has not been realized that AVS is a reactive pool of solid-phase sulfide that is available to bind metals and render that portion unavailable and nontoxic to biota. Thus, the AVS concentration of a sediment establishes the boundary below which these metals cease to exhibit an acute toxicity in freshwater and marine sediments.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation
TL;DR: The principles, advantages and disadvantages of immobilization, soil washing and phytoremediation techniques which are frequently listed among the best demonstrated available technologies for cleaning up heavy metal contaminated sites are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Technical basis for establishing sediment quality criteria for nonionic organic chemicals using equilibrium partitioning
Dominic M. Di Toro,Christopher S. Zarba,David J. Hansen,Walter J. Berry,Richard C. Swartz,Christina E. Cowan,Spyros P. Pavlou,Herbert E. Allen,Nelson A. Thomas,Paul R. Paquin +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the technical basis for establishing sediment quality criteria using equilibrium partitioning (EqP), which is chosen because it addresses the two principal technical issues that must be resolved: the varying bioavailability of chemicals in sediments and the choice of the appropriate biological effects concentration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical influences on trace metal-sulfide interactions in anoxic sediments
John W. Morse,George W. Luther +1 more
TL;DR: A considerable body of observational data has accumulated that indicates very different behavior for various trace metals in sulfidic sediments as mentioned in this paper, but also reflect differences in ligand exchange reaction kinetics, and redox reaction pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediments
TL;DR: In this article, a colorimetric method was used to detect acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in aquatic sediments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Framework for metals risk assessment.
TL;DR: The Framework for Metals Risk Assessment is a science-based document that describes basic principles that address the special attributes and behaviors of metals and metal compounds to be considered when assessing their human health and ecological risks.