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Adaptive media playout for low-delay video streaming over error-prone channels

TLDR
This paper shows how adaptive media playout (AMP), the variation of the playout speed of media frames depending on channel conditions, allows the client to buffer less data, thus introducing less delay, for a given buffer underflow probability.
Abstract
When media is streamed over best-effort networks, media data is buffered at the client to protect against playout interruptions due to packet losses and random delays. While the likelihood of an interruption decreases as more data is buffered, the latency that is introduced increases. In this paper we show how adaptive media playout (AMP), the variation of the playout speed of media frames depending on channel conditions, allows the client to buffer less data, thus introducing less delay, for a given buffer underflow probability. We proceed by defining models for the streaming media system and the random, lossy, packet delivery channel. Our streaming system model buffers media at the client, and combats packet losses with deadline-constrained automatic repeat request (ARQ). For the channel, we define a two-state Markov model that features state-dependent packet loss probability. Using the models, we develop a Markov chain analysis to examine the tradeoff between buffer underflow probability and latency for AMP-augmented video streaming. The results of the analysis, verified with simulation experiments, indicate that AMP can greatly improve the tradeoff, allowing reduced latencies for a given buffer underflow probability.

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Citations
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Patent

Wireless video transmission system

TL;DR: In this article, a transmission system suitable for video where a sender encodes video for transmission to a receiver at an adjustable date rate is presented, where the data rate may be adjusted using a delay constraint that constrains the expected delay of transmitted packets.

Video Streaming: Concepts, Algorithms, and Systems

TL;DR: The challenges that make simultaneous delivery and playback, or streaming, of video difficult are examined, and algorithms and systems that enable streaming of pre-encoded or live video over packet networks such as the Internet are explored.
Patent

Method and apparatus for carrier controlled dynamic rate adaptation and client playout rate reduction

TL;DR: In this paper, a method and system for controlling bandwidth rate limiting and client rendering rate limiting in a video delivery network is provided, which works transparently with standard HTTP-based video delivery systems and includes an HTTP proxy cache infrastructure.
Proceedings Article

Video Coding for Streaming Media Delivery on the Internet

TL;DR: An overview of an architecture of today’s Internet streaming media delivery networks and various problems that such systems pose with regard to video coding are described and some of these problems can be addressed using a conventional framework of temporal motion-compensated, transform-based video compression algorithm.
Patent

Sender-side bandwidth estimation for video transmission with receiver packet buffer

TL;DR: In this article, a method of adaptively encoding video in response to an estimation of bandwidth over a transmission channel is proposed, where bandwidth estimation uses feedback packets from a receiver acknowledging receipt of video packets transmitted during an interval when the transmitted packets are not stored in a buffer of a lower network layer.
References
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Book

Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and Storage

TL;DR: This work has shown that polynomials over Galois Fields, particularly the Hadamard, Quadratic Residue, and Golay Codes, are good candidates for Error Control Coding for Digital Communication Systems.
Book

Probability and Random Processes for Electrical Engineering

Stefan Leigh
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an axiomatic approach to a theory of probability, based on the axiomatization of probability models, for the analysis and design of wireless networks.
Journal ArticleDOI

Automatic-repeat-request error-control schemes

TL;DR: In this article, a survey of various types of ARQ and hybrid ARQ schemes, and error detection using linear block codes is presented, where a properly chosen code is used for error detection, virtually error-free data transmission can be attained.

Automatic-repeat-request error control schemes

TL;DR: Various types of ARQ and hybrid ARQ schemes, and error detection using linear block codes are surveyed, and errors in these schemes are found to be low.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

An overlap-add technique based on waveform similarity (WSOLA) for high quality time-scale modification of speech

TL;DR: The resulting WSOLA (waveform-similarity-based synchronized overlap-add) algorithm produces high-quality speech output, is algorithmically and computationally efficient and robust, and allows for online processing with arbitrary time-scaling factors.
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