Proceedings ArticleDOI
An Automatic Watermarking in CELP Speech Codec Based on Formant Tuning
Erick Christian Garcia Alvarez,Shengbei Wang,Masashi Unoki +2 more
- pp 160-163
TLDR
The serial problem in atermarking and then encoding with the CELP codec was thereby reduced by using the proposed method which also ncreased the bit detection rate.Abstract:
This paper proposes the unification of the codeexcited linear prediction (CELP) codec process with watermarking based on formant tuning. The serial problem in atermarking and then encoding with the CELP codec was thereby reduced by using the proposed method which also ncreased the bit detection rate. We took advantage of two key properties: I) humans do not perceive alterations applied to formants and II) CELP and watermarking based on formant tuning methods utilize lineal prediction coefficients. We investigated the inaudibility and robustness of the proposed method by carrying out three different experiments using log-spectrum distance (LSD), the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and the bit detection rate (BDR). The results indicated that the proposed method satisfied the inaudibility requirement when watermarking was applied to the CELP codec, which increased the watermarking detection rate.read more
Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
A Survey of Various Effective Codec Implementation Methods with Different Real Time Applications
V. Muthu Ganesh,N. Janukiruman +1 more
TL;DR: A survey of various effective codec implementation and performance analyzing methods with different applications, such as CELP Codec, MELP codec, SPEEX speech codec, and OPUS speech codec is proposed.
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
Code-excited linear prediction(CELP): High-quality speech at very low bit rates
Manfred R. Schroeder,B. S. Atal +1 more
TL;DR: A code-excited linear predictive coder in which the optimum innovation sequence is selected from a code book of stored sequences to optimize a given fidelity criterion, indicating that a random code book has a slight speech quality advantage at low bit rates.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A new model of LPC excitation for producing natural-sounding speech at low bit rates
TL;DR: This paper describes a new approach to the excitation problem that does not require a priori knowledge of either the voiced-unvoiced decision or the pitch period, and minimizes a perceptual-distance metric representing subjectively-important differences between the waveforms of the original and the synthetic speech signals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stochastic coding of speech signals at very low bit rates: The importance of speech perception
TL;DR: A new stochastic model for generating speech signals suitable for coding at low bit rates is described, in which the speech waveform is represented as a zero mean Gaussian process with slowly-varying power spectrum.
Journal ArticleDOI
Speech Watermarking Method Based on Formant Tuning
Shengbei Wang,Masashi Unoki +1 more
TL;DR: The results revealed that the proposed method could satisfy both inaudibility and robustness that required for speech watermarking.
Book
Multimedia Information Hiding Technologies and Methodologies for Controlling Data
TL;DR: This comprehensive collection is beneficial to all researchers and engineers working globally in this field and aims to inspire new graduate-level students as they explore this promising field of Multimedia Information Hiding.