Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of recent measurements of the viscosity of glasses
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, the authors compared the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicating a discrepancy in the absolute values of log10 viscosity amounting to 0.6.Abstract:
Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate Glasses, 500° to 1400°C
Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log10 viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log10 viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na2O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type log10η=−A+B× 103/ (T−T0) where all three constants vary regularly with the composition.
Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO2, 2Na2O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al2O3 for Na2O
The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log10n due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature Ta. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log10n per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (Al2O3) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al2O3) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log10n per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al2O3.
Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from Viscosity Measurements
. The sharp bends in the plots of change of log10n due to substitution of an oxide for Na2O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na2O─CaO─SiO2.
Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO2, 2Na2O) due to Substitution of B2O3 for SiO2
The change of log10n (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log10n per per cent B2O3. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na2O.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of glasses from liquids and biopolymers.
TL;DR: The onset of a sharp change in ddT( is the Debye-Waller factor and T is temperature) in proteins, which is controversially indentified with the glass transition in liquids, is shown to be general for glass formers and observable in computer simulations of strong and fragile ionic liquids, where it proves to be close to the experimental glass transition temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spin glasses: Experimental facts, theoretical concepts, and open questions
Kurt Binder,A. P. Young +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the most characteristic properties of spin glass systems are described, and related phenomena in other glassy systems (dielectric and orientational glasses) are mentioned, and a review summarizes recent developments in the theory of spin glasses, as well as pertinent experimental data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Supercooled liquids and the glass transition
TL;DR: Current theoretical knowledge of the manner in which intermolecular forces give rise to complex behaviour in supercooled liquids and glasses is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ionic liquids as electrolytes
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are reviewed from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonexponential relaxations in strong and fragile glass formers
TL;DR: In this article, a broad correlation of non-debye behavior with non-Arrhenius relaxations was found for different types of glass formers, distinguished by their respective molecular complexity.
Related Papers (5)
Die Abhängigkeit der Viscosität von der Temperatur bie unterkühlten Flüssigkeiten
G. Tammann,W. Hesse +1 more
On the Temperature Dependence of Cooperative Relaxation Properties in Glass‐Forming Liquids
Gerold Adam,Julian H. Gibbs +1 more