Journal ArticleDOI
Are the Major Risk/Need Factors Predictive of Both Female and Male Reoffending?: A Test With the Eight Domains of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory
Donald A. Andrews,Lina Guzzo,Peter Raynor,Robert C. Rowe,L. Jill Rettinger,Albert Brews,J. Stephen Wormith +6 more
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TLDR
The mean incremental contributions of gender and the gender–by–risk level interactions in the prediction of criminal recidivism were minimal and the relatively strong validity of the LS/CMI risk level was strong, suggesting possible implications for test interpretation and policy.Abstract:
The Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) and the Youth version (YLS/CMI) generate an assessment of risk/need across eight domains that are considered to be relevant for girls and boys and for women and men. Aggregated across five data sets, the predictive validity of each of the eight domains was gender-neutral. The composite total score (LS/CMI total risk/need) was strongly associated with the recidivism of males (mean r = .39, mean AUC = .746) and very strongly associated with the recidivism of females (mean r = .53, mean AUC = .827). The enhanced validity of LS total risk/need with females was traced to the exceptional validity of Substance Abuse with females. The intra-data set conclusions survived the introduction of two very large samples composed of female offenders exclusively. Finally, the mean incremental contributions of gender and the gender-by-risk level interactions in the prediction of criminal recidivism were minimal compared to the relatively strong validity of the LS/CMI risk level. Although the variance explained by gender was minimal and although high-risk cases were high-risk cases regardless of gender, the recidivism rates of lower risk females were lower than the recidivism rates of lower risk males, suggesting possible implications for test interpretation and policy.read more
Citations
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A theoretically informed meta-analysis of the risk for general and violent recidivism for mentally disordered offenders
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis evaluated the relative predictive validity of the risk/need domains from the General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning (GPCSL) perspective and variables taken from the clinical perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thirty years of research on the level of service scales: a meta-analytic examination of predictive accuracy and sources of variability.
TL;DR: A comprehensive meta-analysis of the Level of Service scales, their predictive accuracy and group-based differences in risk/need, across 128 studies comprising 151 independent samples and a total of 137,931 offenders indicated that gender and ethnicity were not substantive sources of effect size variability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Examining the Validity of a Juvenile Offending Risk Assessment Instrument Across Gender and Race/Ethnicity
TL;DR: In this article, the validity of the Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) across gender/race/ethnicity in a juvenile sample was examined, and the results demonstrate recidivism increases as PACT score increases, with minor exceptions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Predictive Validity of a General Risk/Needs Assessment Inventory on Sexual Offender Recidivism and an Exploration of the Professional Override
TL;DR: This article examined the predictive validity of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) on a sample of sexual offenders extracted from a large cohort of offenders and compared predic...
Journal ArticleDOI
Predictive Validity of Risk Assessments in Juvenile Offenders: Comparing the SAVRY, PCL:YV, and YLS/CMI With Unstructured Clinical Assessments
TL;DR: The validity and reliability of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth, the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), and the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version in a sample of Spanish adolescents with a community sanction are examined.
References
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