Journal ArticleDOI
Attachment, exploration, and separation: Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation.
TLDR
It is urged that the concepts of attachment and attachment behavior be kept broad enough to comprehend the spectrum of the findings of this range of studies.Abstract:
cussed. As an illustration of these concepts, a study is reported of 56 white, middle-class infants, 49-51 weeks of age, in a strange situation. The presence of the mother was found to encourage exploratory behavior, her absence to depress exploration and to heighten attachment behaviors. In separation episodes such behaviors as crying and search increased. In reunion episodes proximity-seeking and contact-maintaining behaviors were heightened. In a substantial proportion of Ss, contact-resisting behaviors were also heightened in the reunion episodes, usually in conjunction with contactmaintaining behaviors, thus suggesting ambivalence. Some Ss also displayed proximity-avoiding behavior in relation to the mother in the reunion episodes. These findings are discussed in the context of relevant observational, clinical, and experimental studies of human and nonhuman primates, including studies of mother-child separation. In conclusion, it is urged that the concepts of attachment and attachment behavior be kept broad enough to comprehend the spectrum of the findings of this range of studies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toward an experimental ecology of human development.
TL;DR: In this paper, a broader approach to research in human development is proposed that focuses on the pro- gressive accommodation, throughout the life span, between the growing human organism and the changing environments in which it actually lives and grows.
Journal ArticleDOI
Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured place attachment within three spatial ranges (house, neighbourhood, and city) and two dimensions (physical and social), in order to establish some comparison between them.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Ethological Approach to Personality Development
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a brief historical account of the initially separate but compatible approaches that eventually merged in the partnership, and how their contributions have intertwined in the course of developing an ethologically oriented theory of attachment and a body of research that has both stemmed from the theory and served to extend and elaborate it.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Origins of Attachment Theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth
TL;DR: Attachment theory is based on the joint work of John Bowlby (1907-1991) and Mary Salter Ainsworth (1913- ). Its developmental history begins in the 1930s, with Bowlby's growing interest in the link between maternal loss or deprivation and later personality development and with Aensworth's interest in security theory as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
The nature of the child's tie to his mother.
TL;DR: The Nature of the Child's Tie to his Mother John Bowlby Psycho-Analysts are at one in recognizing the child's first object relations as the foundation stone of his personality: yet there is no agreement on the nature and dynamics of this relationship.
Journal ArticleDOI
Object relations, dependency, and attachment: a theoretical review of the infant-mother relationship.
Journal Article
Behavior of Nonhuman Primates.
TL;DR: This collection of 24 articles from Scientific American attempts to summarize the salient features of present knowledge of cell structure and function and should provide stimulating reading for those who would like a short review of modern developments in the study of the cell.