Journal ArticleDOI
Bioavailability of six organic chemicals to Chironomus Tentans larvae in sediment and water
TLDR
In this paper, Chironomus tentans larvae were exposed to three different sediments containing 50 to 500 μg/kg (wet weight) of each chemical, or were held in screened containers in water above the treated sediment for 24 or 96-h.Abstract:
Uptake and elimination of 14C-labeled terbutryn, fluridone, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), trans-permethrin, methoxychlor and 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) by Chironomus tentans larvae were studied in sediment-water systems. Animals were exposed to three different sediments containing 50 to 500 μg/kg (wet weight) of each chemical, or were held in screened containers in water above the treated sediment for 24 or 96-h. Elimination of radioactivity was determined over a 48-h interval. Results were analyzed by use of a one-compartment kinetic model. Larvae exposed in sand or in water above sand had significantly higher concentrations of each chemical than those exposed in or above river (silty) or pond (silty clay) sediments. Uptake of terbutryn and fluridone, two hydrophilic compounds, was similar (24-h exposure) to that of methoxychlor and greater than that for TPP, trans-permethrin or HCBP, due to much greater partitioning of the former compounds into water above each sediment. TPP, trans-permethrin, methoxychlor and HCBP concentrations were significantly higher in larvae from sediment than in animals held in water above sediment. Uptake rate constants from water for each chemical were much greater than those for sediment, but due to the relatively large sediment-to-water ratio (1:5) and the high proportion of chemical in sediment, relative contributions of sediment and water uptake to body burden were similar. Assimilation of each compound by larvae from ingested sediments appeared to be negligible except for TPP and HCBP. Estimates of assimilation of TPP and HCBP in sand-water systems were much greater than those for sediments with higher organic matter content.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX): a novel in vitro bioassay for Ah receptor active compounds in sediments and pore water.
Albertinka J. Murk,Juliette Legler,Michael S. Denison,John P. Giesy,C. Van De Guchte,A. Brouwer +5 more
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that the novelin vitroCALUX (chemical-activated luciferase expression) assay is a rapid, sensitive assay for assessing the toxic potency of (mixtures of) aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in sediments and pore waters.
Journal ArticleDOI
The power of size. 1. Rate constants and equilibrium ratios for accumulation of organic substances related to octanol-water partition ratio and species weight
TL;DR: A model for accumulation kinetics of organic substances as a function of the octanol-water partition ratio (Kow) of the chemical and the weight, lipid content, and trophic level of the species is developed to facilitate various types of scientific interpretation as well as environmental risk assessment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The bioavailability of sediment-sorbed organic chemicals: A review
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical and physical processes that determine the environmental fate of sediment-sorbed organic chemicals are outlined, and their relationship to bioavailability is discussed, and methods currently used to predict the fate of pollutants in the aquatic environment are of limited use for the assessment of sedimentorbed chemical bioavailability because they are based on the compound's behavior in the water column.
Journal ArticleDOI
Partitioning, bioavailability, and toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin in sediments
Steve J. Maund,Mick Hamer,Mike C. G. Lane,Eamonn Farrelly,Jean H. Rapley,Una M. Goggin,Wendy E. Gentle +6 more
TL;DR: Predictions of aqueous concentrations at the LC50 in sediments compared well to each other and to effect concentrations from studies in water alone, suggesting that equilibrium partitioning theory could be used reasonably to predict and normalize the toxicity of cypermethrin across sediments of differing OC content.
Book ChapterDOI
Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and metabolism of pesticides in aquatic organisms.
TL;DR: This chapter provides an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species and their roles in ecotoxicological assessment.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bioconcentration of 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl in Rainbow Trout as Measured by an Accelerated Test
TL;DR: In this article, an accelerated test procedure based on kinetics was developed using an isomer of PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyls): 2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl.
Journal ArticleDOI
Uptake of Hydrocarbons from Marine Sediments Contaminated with Prudhoe Bay Crude Oil: Influence of Feeding Type of Test Species and Availability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
TL;DR: It is found that the deposit feeders generally accumulated hydrocarbons to a greater extent than the suspension feeder, and that other factors, such as the intrinsic capabilities of species to accumulate hydrocarbon, also played an important role in the extent of contamination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics and biotransformation of benzo(a)pyrene in Chironomus riparius.
Gordon J. Leversee,John P. Giesy,Peter F. Landrum,S. Gerould,John W. Bowling,T. E. Fannin,J. D. Haddock,S. M. Bartell +7 more
TL;DR: Uptake and depuration kinetics for benzo( a)pyrene (B(a)P) were determined for the midgeChironomus riparius (Diptera) with one and two compartment models with apparent bioconcentration factor of 650.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adsorption-desorption, degradation, and distribution of permethrin in aqueous systems
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of mercuric, cadmium, and nickel ion combinations on a blue-green alga
TL;DR: It is proposed that the interactions observed are due to a competition between the metals for cellular binding sites, and Tri-metallic ion combinations resulted in antagonism towards growth and synergism towards photosynthesis and acetylene reduction.
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