Journal ArticleDOI
Border tax adjustment: a feasible way to support stringent emission trading
Roland Ismer,Karsten Neuhoff +1 more
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In this paper, the authors show that BTA can be both feasible and compatible with World Trade Organization (WTO) constraints, and they show that the BTA scheme can be implemented with a focus on CO2 emissions from certain processed materials and separate treatment of electric energy input.Abstract:
CO2 emission allowances help to internalise effects of fossil fuel consumption on global climate and sea levels. However, consumption, production and investment decisions do not reach the optimal allocation when the scheme is only implemented in some countries. Production with inefficient facilities in non-participating countries may even increase. Border tax adjustment (BTA) for costs incurred from procuring CO2 emission allowances reduces the leakage. We show that BTA can be both feasible and compatible with World Trade Organization (WTO) constraints. Practicable implementability requires a focus on CO2 emissions from certain processed materials and a separate treatment of electric energy input.read more
Citations
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Comparing Policies to Combat Emissions Leakage: Border Carbon Adjustments versus Rebates
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions determining which anti-leakage policies might be more effective complements to regulation of domestic greenhouse gas emissions are explored, and four policies that could be combined with unilateral emissions pricing to counter effects on international competitiveness are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement
Chris Bataille,Max Åhman,Karsten Neuhoff,Lars J Nilsson,Manfred Fischedick,Stefan Lechtenböhmer,Baltazar Solano-Rodriquez,Amandine Denis-Ryan,Seton Stiebert,Henri Waisman,Oliver Sartor,Shahrzad Rahbar +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that reducing energy-intensive industrial GHG emissions to Paris Agreement compatible levels may not only be technically possible, but can be achieved with sufficient prioritization and policy effort.
Journal Article
The Design of a Carbon Tax
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the design of a tax on greenhouse gas emissions for a developed country such as the United States and propose an origin-based system for trades with countries that have an adequate carbon tax.
Journal ArticleDOI
International trade undermines national emission reduction targets: New evidence from air pollution
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed account of emissions embodied in international trade is used to investigate the phenomenon of emissions leakage and find that the sectors successfully holding or lowering their domestic emissions are often the same as those increasing their imports of embodied CO2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparing policies to combat emissions leakage: Border carbon adjustments versus rebates☆
Carolyn Fischer,Alan K. Fox +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore conditions determining which anti-leakage policies might be more effective complements to domestic greenhouse gas emissions regulation. And they consider four policies that could be combined with unilateral emissions pricing to counter effects on international competitiveness: a border charge on imports, a border rebate for exports, full border adjustment, and domestic output based rebating.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change policy, market structure, and carbon leakage
TL;DR: In this article, the authors adopt an oligopolistic structure combined with increasing returns to scale production technologies to represent the strategic interaction among the firms producing energy-intensive products, which is then embedded within a multi-regional computable general equilibrium model, which in turn is used for quantifying these relocational effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Allocation and competitiveness in the EU emissions trading scheme: policy overview
Michael Grubb,Karsten Neuhoff +1 more
TL;DR: The European emissions trading scheme (EU ETS) has an efficient and effective market design that risks being undermined by three interrelated problems: the approach to allocation, the absence of a credible commitment to post-2012 continuation, and concerns about its impact on the international competitiveness of key sectors as discussed by the authors.
Book
Greening the GATT : trade, environment, and the future
TL;DR: Esty, a former Environmental Protection Agency official with extensive experience in trade and environmental negotiations, examines the vital connections between trade, environment and development and concludes with recommendations for a Global Environmental Organization (GEO) to promote simultaneous achievement of trade environmental goals.
Journal ArticleDOI
The product/process distinction - an illusory basis for disciplining 'unilateralism' in trade policy
Robert Howse,Donald H. Regan +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that regulatory distinctions objectively related to actual non-protectionist policies are consistent with Article III, whether product- or process-based, and address a range of policy concerns about treating processbased measures similarly to product-based measures under Article III.
Journal ArticleDOI
WTO Dispute Settlement Body—Article XX environmental exceptions to GATT—national treatment—consistency urith GATT of U.S. rules regarding imports of reformulated gasoline
TL;DR: In United States-Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline (Gasoline), the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body in its first decision addressed one of the most difficult contemporary issues in international trade, the tension between the growth of international trade and the protection of the global environment.
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Comparing policies to combat emissions leakage: Border carbon adjustments versus rebates☆
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