Journal ArticleDOI
Characterological Depressions: Clinical and Sleep EEG Findings Separating 'Subaffective Dysthymias' From 'Character Spectrum Disorders'
Hagop S. Akiskal,Ted L. Rosenthal,Radwan F. Haykal,Helio Lemmi,Renate H. Rosenthal,Alice Scott-Strauss +5 more
TLDR
Early-onset characterological depressions are distinguished from late-ONSet chronic depressions that complicate the long-term course of unipolar and nonaffective illnesses.Abstract:
• Early-onset characterological depressions are distinguished from late-onset chronic depressions that complicate the longterm course of unipolar and nonaffective illnesses. In turn, characterological depressions are divisible into at least two subtypes: (1) "Subaffective dysthymias" have even sex distribution, are often complicated by superimposed depressive episodes, rapid eye movement latency is shortened, and they tend to respond to tricyclics or lithium carbonate. In brief, they share many features of primary affective illness. (2) "Character spectrum disorders," by contrast, represent a heterogeneous mixture of personality disorders with inconstant depressive features, are more common in women, are often complicated by alcohol and drug abuse, and outcome tends to be unfavorable.read more
Citations
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The dexamethasone suppression test for melancholia.
TL;DR: This review will focus on the most widely studied neuroendocrine disturbance: disinhibition of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) system as revealed by the dexamethasone suppression test (DST).
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The emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder.
TL;DR: The study suggests that recurrent brief hypomania belongs to the bipolar spectrum and should be verified on larger national cohorts in other epidemiological and clinical studies.
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Depressive Disorders in Childhood: I. A Longitudinal Prospective Study of Characteristics and Recovery
TL;DR: The characteristics and diagnostic validity of major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and adjustment disorder with depressed mood were examined in a school-aged cohort and early age at onset predicted a more protracted illness.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evolving bipolar spectrum. Prototypes I, II, III, and IV.
Hagop S. Akiskal,Olavo Pinto +1 more
TL;DR: This article argues for the necessity of a partial return to Kraepelin's broad concept of manic-depressive illness, and proposes definitions--and provides prototypical cases--to illustrate the rich clinical phenomenology of bipolar subtypes I through IV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneity of Psychiatric Diagnosis in Treated Opiate Addicts
TL;DR: A survey evaluated current and lifetime rates of psychiatric disorders in 533 opiate addicts in treatment at a multimodality program, suggesting the importance of detecting and attending to psychopathology associated with opiate addiction.
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