Journal ArticleDOI
Children’s Theory of Mind: Understanding of Desire, Belief and Emotion with Social Referents
Leanh Nguyen,Douglas Frye +1 more
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The authors found that younger children tended to disregard the stated desire and exhibited "social opportunism" by misattributing desires to permit a social interaction when there was a conflict, which may have been shown because the social situation involved conflicting desires.Abstract:
Preschooler’s understanding of belief, desire, and emotion was assessed in a new false belief task that explored childen’s mental state reasoning about social situations. The social analog task presented a change in a partner’s play activity rather than a change in the location of a physical object. Two main differences from the usual pattern of theory of mind results were obtained. Five-year-olds had more difficulty understanding a false belief about another’s current social activity compared to a false belief about a physical situation. The understanding of desire exhibited a 3- to 5-year age change that may have been shown because the social situation involved conflicting desires. When there was a conflict, the younger children tended to disregard the stated desire and exhibited ‘social opportunism’ by misattributing desires to permit a social interaction. The new results give a more varied picture of the development of theory of mind, and argue for expanding its study into social frames of reference.read more
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Phenomenology and Ecological Systems Theory: Development of Diverse Groups
TL;DR: In this paper, an identity-focused cultural ecological (ICE) perspective is applied to diverse humans, and the framework examines the broad patterns of coping processes and identity formation that result, and explores the many paths for obtaining both resiliency and unproductive outcomes given structured inequalities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mental state discourse, theory of mind, and the internalization of self–other understanding
TL;DR: The authors examined the social origins of self-other understanding in young children and found that mental state discourse is related to the development of social understanding, and evidence for this proposal comes from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and training studies that relate discourse about mental states in a variety of interactional contexts to children's acquisition of theory of mind.
Journal ArticleDOI
Children’s Group Nous: Understanding and Applying Peer Exclusion Within and Between Groups
TL;DR: In both studies, children's understanding of intergroup inclusion/exclusion norms (group nous) was predicted by theory of social mind but not multiple classification skill, and the number of groups children belonged to also predicted group nous.
Book Chapter
The development of subjective group dynamics
Dominic Abrams,Adam Rutland +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on current, cutting edge theory and new research findings in the area of intergroup attitudes and relations, focusing on how individuals make judgments, and interact with individuals from different group categories, broadly defined in terms of gender, race, age, culture, religion, sexual orientation and body type.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conflicting emotions : The connection between affective perspective taking and theory of mind
TL;DR: The relation between theory of mind and affective perspective taking was examined in a study with 42 three-to-five-year-olds as mentioned in this paper, and significant positive correlations existed between overall affective viewpoint taking and theory-of-mind performance, independent of age and language.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception.
Heinz Wimmer,Josef Perner +1 more
TL;DR: A travelling salesman found himself spending the night at home with his wife when one of his trips was unexpectedly cancelled, and he leapt out from the bed, ran across the room and jumped out the window.
Book
The Child's Theory of Mind
TL;DR: The Child's Theory of Mind as discussed by the authors ) is a theory of mind developed in children as young as three years of age, and it has been shown that children grasp the distinction between mental constructs and physical entities and have an understanding of the relationship between individuals' mental states and their overt actions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Three-year-olds' difficulty with false belief: The case for a conceptual deficit
TL;DR: This paper showed that false-belief attribution is difficult for younger 3-year-olds despite their retention of essential facts and despite attempts to make expectations more explicit and prevent pragmatic misinterpretation.
Book
Developing theories of mind
TL;DR: A collection of empirical reports and conceptual analysis by leading researchers examines the fundamental change that occurs in children's cognition between the ages of two and six as mentioned in this paper, concluding that children's cognitive development changes significantly between the two ages.
Book
Understanding other minds : perspectives from autism
TL;DR: The theory-of-minds hypothesis of autism has been studied extensively in the literature as mentioned in this paper, with a focus on the role of imitation in understanding persons and developing a theory of mind evolving over time.
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Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception.
Heinz Wimmer,Josef Perner +1 more