Journal ArticleDOI
Common Mental Disorders among HIV-Infected Individuals in South Africa: Prevalence, Predictors, and Validation of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scales
TLDR
High levels of depression, PTSD and alcohol dependence/abuse among HIV-infected individuals in this setting are demonstrated and HIV care and treatment services represent an important venue to identify and manage individuals with common mental disorders in resource-limited settings.Abstract:
Despite the high prevalence of both mental disorders and HIV infection in much of sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the occurrence of mental health disorders among HIV-infected individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study among individuals enrolled into HIV care and treatment services near Cape Town, South Africa. Psychiatric diagnoses were measured using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) administered by trained research nurses. In addition, all participants were administered brief rating scales for depression (the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), and alcohol dependence/abuse (the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]). The median age among the 465 participants was 33 years and 75% were female; 48% were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Overall, the prevalence of depression, PTSD and alcohol dependence/abuse was 14% (n = 62), 5% (n = 24), and 7...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Validity/reliability of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 depression scales among adults living with HIV/AIDS in western Kenya.
Patrick O. Monahan,Enbal Shacham,Michael Reece,Kurt Kroenke,Willis Owino Ong'or,Otieno Omollo,Violet N. Yebei,Violet N. Yebei,Claris Ojwang +8 more
TL;DR: PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 appear valid/reliable for assessing DSM-IV depressive disorders and depression severity among adults living with HIV/AIDS in western Kenya.
Journal ArticleDOI
Depression, Alcohol Use and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu,Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu,Judith K. Bass,Pierre K. Alexandre,Edward J Mills,Seggane Musisi,Malathi Ram,Elly Katabira,Jean B. Nachega,Jean B. Nachega +9 more
TL;DR: Estimates of depression symptoms, major depression, alcohol use or disorders and their association with ART adherence in sub-Saharan Africa are evaluated and interventions to improve mental health of HIV-positive individuals and to support adherence are desperately needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mental health of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa: a systematic review
TL;DR: This paper reviews published quantitative research on the mental health of HIV-infected adults in Africa and finds that being female, experiencing poor health, receiving poor-quality health services, and a lack of material and emotional support from family and friends were associated with greater psychiatric morbidity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validation of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) in Zulu, Xhosa and Afrikaans populations in South Africa.
TL;DR: The CES-D-10 is a valid, reliable screening tool for depression in Zulu, Xhosa and coloured Afrikaans populations, and adequate concurrent validity, when compared to the PHQ-9 and WHODAS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for depression in a high-HIV burden primary healthcare clinic in Johannesburg South Africa.
Rushina Cholera,Bradley N. Gaynes,Brian W. Pence,Jean Bassett,Nandipha Qangule,Catherine MacPhail,Shelley Bernhardt,Audrey Pettifor,William C. Miller +8 more
TL;DR: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 showed reasonable accuracy in classifying cases of depression, was easily implemented by lay health workers, and is a useful screening tool in this setting.
References
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Book
Applied Logistic Regression
David W. Hosmer,Stanley Lemeshow +1 more
TL;DR: Hosmer and Lemeshow as discussed by the authors provide an accessible introduction to the logistic regression model while incorporating advances of the last decade, including a variety of software packages for the analysis of data sets.
Journal Article
The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) : The development and validation of a Structured Diagnostic Psychiatric Interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10
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TL;DR: The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview is designed to meet the need for a short but accurate structured psychiatric interview for multicenter clinical trials and epidemiology studies and to be used as a first step in outcome tracking in nonresearch clinical settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption-II
TL;DR: The AUDIT provides a simple method of early detection of hazardous and harmful alcohol use in primary health care settings and is the first instrument of its type to be derived on the basis of a cross-national study.