Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative study on the efficacy acceptability and side effects of a contraceptive pill administered by the oral and the vaginal route: an international multicenter clinical trial.
Elsimar Metzker Coutinho,Ivan Mascarenhas,Oscar Mateo de Acosta,Josue Garza Flores,Zhi-Ping Gu,O A Ladipo,Adeyemi O. Adekunle,E O Otolorin,Mamdouh M. Shaaban,Mohammad Abul Oyoon,A Kamal,Abdal Plah,N C Sikazwe,Sheldon J. Segal +13 more
TLDR
The vaginal route of administration appears to be as acceptable and efficacious as the oral route, and involuntary pregnancy rates after 1 year were not statistically significantly different between the two groups.Abstract:
The objective of this multicenter randomized clinical trail was to compare the efficacy acceptability and occurrence of side effects associated with the oral versus vaginal route of administration of contraceptive pills. This study started in June 1987 and data collection extended up to April 1992 at family planning clinics and research centers members of the South to South Cooperation in Reproductive Health in seven countries of the developing world. The 819 subjects were from 17 to 39 years of age had already had at least one pregnancy had had regular menstrual cycles for 3 months before were exposed to the risk of pregnancy and were not using any other method of contraception. 424 were randomly assigned to use the pills orally (which contained 250 mcg levonorgestrel and 50 mcg ethinyl estradiol) whereas 395 inserted the pills vaginally. 625 subjects completed at least 6 months of use 326 used the pills orally and 299 used the pills vaginally. 385 subjects completed 1 year of pills use 201 in the oral group and 184 in the vaginal group. The 1-year discontinuation rate per 100 subjects per year for the oral group was 34.71 +or- 2.42 while it was 36.35 +or- 2.53 for the vaginal group. This difference was not statistically significant. The only single reason of statistically significant difference for discontinuation was "desire for pregnancy" (p = 0.444). Paired value analysis of subjects completing 12 months of study showed that women in the oral group had a statistically significant increase in weight from a mean of 55.8 kg at admission to a mean of 56.9 kg at 6 months (p < 0.05) and 57.3 kg at 1 year (p = 0.05). The mean weight of the vaginal group increased from 56.52 kg to 57.22 kg (p = 0.036) at 12 months. Significantly more complaints of vaginal discharge were recorded in women using the pills by the vaginal route (p = 0.001). However only one subject discontinued the pills because of vaginal discharge.read more
Citations
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Oral Contraceptive Use for the Primary Prevention of Ovarian Cancer
Laura J. Havrilesky,Jennifer M Gierisch,Patricia G. Moorman,Remy R Coeytaux,Rachel Peragallo Urrutia,William J. Lowery,Michaela A. Dinan,Amanda J McBroom,Liz Wing,Michael Musty,Kathryn R Lallinger,Vic Hasselblad,Gillian D Sanders,Evan R. Myers +13 more
TL;DR: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the use of OCs solely for the primary prevention of ovarian cancer, and the harm/benefit ratio was much more favorable when protection against endometrial and colorectal cancers was added.
Book ChapterDOI
Vaginal Mucosa and Drug Delivery
José Neves,Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira,Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira,Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira,Francisca Rodrigues,Bruno Sarmento +5 more
Journal ArticleDOI
No. 329-Canadian Contraception Consensus Part 4 of 4 Chapter 9: Combined Hormonal Contraception.
Amanda Black,Edith Guilbert,Dustin Costescu,Sheila Dunn,William E. Fisher,Sari Kives,Melissa Mirosh,Wendy V. Norman,Helen Pymar,Robert L. Reid,Geneviève Roy,Hannah Varto,Ashley Waddington,Marie-Soleil Wagner,Anne Marie Whelan +14 more
TL;DR: Recommendations for practice are ranked according to the method described in this report, and the quality of the evidence is rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative study on intermittent versus continuous use of a contraceptive pill administered by vaginal route
Elsimar Metzker Coutinho,Edson O'Dwyer,Ione Cristina Barbosa,Gu Zhi-Ping,Mamdouh M. Shaaban,Mohamed Aboul-Oyoon,Hany Abdel Aleem +6 more
TL;DR: There was a statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate between the two groups and there were no other significant differences in discontinuation rates despite marked differences in bleeding patterns, amenorrhea predominating in the continuous use group.
Journal ArticleDOI
The use of two estrogen preparations (a combined contraceptive pill versus conjugated estrogen cream) intravaginally to treat urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal Thai women: A comparative study
Sumana Chompootaweep,Pongpun Nunthapisud,Prasert Trivijitsilp,Prasertsri Sentrakul,N. Dusitsin +4 more
TL;DR: To determine whether the combined contraceptive pill used intravaginally was as effective as the standard conjugated estrogen cream for the treatment of urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal Thai women, a large number of women opted for the combined pill.