
 The government of Hungary ratified this UN Convention and Protocol on refugee status on March 14, 1989; the government of Mozambique ratified the Protocol on May 1, 1989.


A refugee is a person who has been displaced and forced to cross the border because of the situation of conflict or war in the country. After the World War II the UN adopted a legal definition of refugee. In the light of this convention, refugees have got some rights that includes right to return, right to family unification, right to travel and restriction to forward movement. There are two main perspectives on refugee influx. The first is humanitarian perspective and the second is political and military. Pakistan has remained a home for more than a million of Afghan population, i.e. among the world’s largest refugee population, for past 40 years. The issue of Afghan refugees in Pakistan is the protracted one because of long conflict in Afghanistan by the major powers in the past, and now the terrorist organizations, violence and political and economic turmoil has kept the refugee influx alive in Afghanistan. The presence of the huge mass of Afghan refugees residing (or having lived) in Pakistan is testament of the international community, regional stakeholders, and Afghan national regimes inability to solve the root causes of massive human displacement – conflict, disaster, oppression, and chaos. Over the years, the Afghan refugee crisis has greatly caused a stern in Pakistan-Afghan relations. This is primarily due to war on terror, domestic threat posed byrefugees, fragile Pakistan economy and declining donor assistance. In total there are three million registered and unregistered Afghan refugees exist in Pakistan (Nation, 2016). Making Pakistan vulnerable to security issues, mass movements and illegal trade of drugs and arms from Afghanistan. The Afghan refugees in Pakistan are given a legal status until the end of 2017 (UNHCR, 2017). UNHCR takes care of the refugees by providing assistance but for only registered number of refugees. It also provides assistance to return to their homeland through Voluntary Repatriation Program. But most of the Afghan families are hesitant to return back to the country due to fragile conditions in Afghanistan. The paper proposes an integrated counter-terrorism policy response wherein national security and humanitarian interests are inevitably inter-linked.

Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees

Pakistan Counter-Terrorism (CT) - Afghan Refugee Question

/pdf/forced-migration-a-syrian-exodus-to-germany-5ddeaokmwi.pdf

Forced Migration: A Syrian Exodus to Germany

/pdf/the-european-immigration-crisis-an-analysis-of-how-terror-2qezsnnt9p.pdf

The European Immigration Crisis: An Analysis of how Terror Attacks have Affected Immigrant and Refugee Populations in Western Europe

Dominant representations of refugees emphasize either refugees as victims or as threats. In the shifts since the outset of the refugee regime, the political agency of refugees has stopped being something to celebrate and is now read as threatening – particularly when that agency is expressed in the choice to move and to cross borders. This control of political agency represents a particular form of governmentality, which maintains a biopolitical order that is framed around the structures of citizenship. The resulting exclusion of refugees as non-citizens has created what is called here a necropolitical outside, where the power over death remains the crucial moment of decision and which can be seen most clearly in the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, in developing patterns of refugee protest and occupation throughout Europe this exclusion is being contested as refugees establish themselves as political subjects in their own right, challenging the order with new forms of conduct and ‘making themselves live’ by making themselves visible.

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To Make Live : Representing and Protesting Refugee Agency

/pdf/why-uk-asylum-advocacy-should-take-citizens-complaints-qeuvggyx1w.pdf

Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees

Citations

Pakistan Counter-Terrorism (CT) - Afghan Refugee Question

Forced Migration: A Syrian Exodus to Germany

The European Immigration Crisis: An Analysis of how Terror Attacks have Affected Immigrant and Refugee Populations in Western Europe

To Make Live : Representing and Protesting Refugee Agency

Why UK asylum advocacy should take citizens’ complaints seriously

Related Papers (5)

Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review.

Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2015

Predisplacement and postdisplacement factors associated with mental health of refugees and internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis.

Association of Torture and Other Potentially Traumatic Events With Mental Health Outcomes Among Populations Exposed to Mass Conflict and Displacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons