Book ChapterDOI
Countercurrent distribution in protein chemistry.
P. Von Tavel,R. Signer +1 more
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The chapter presents the basic principles of countercurrent distribution, including the distribution law of Nernst and Partition Coefficient, multiple distribution, calculation of the fundamental process, and distribution curves.Abstract:
Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the countercurrent distribution in protein chemistry. The chapter presents the basic principles of countercurrent distribution, including the distribution law of Nernst and Partition Coefficient, multiple distribution, calculation of the fundamental process, and distribution curves. The two types of distributions are— namely, batteries in which the phases are discontinuously displaced, and columns in which the phases are in continuous flow. The efficiency of a distribution column or battery is judged by its separative power and its capacity. The methods for increasing the number of transfers over the number of distribution cells consist in the withdrawal of fractions at one or both ends of the battery. These possibilities are discussed briefly. A few typical examples of the application of countercurrent distribution are discussed in this chapter. Successful application of countercurrent fractionation requires a suitable two-phase solvent system, in which both phases exert a solvent action on the components of the mixture. The solutes should neither suffer decomposition in the solvent system nor should proteins undergo denaturation in it. Countercurrent distribution has been successfully applied to the isolation of amino acids, peptides, and polypeptides. However, large-scale equipment for fractionation of amino acids is justified only when it is employed for preparative purposes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Partition of proteins in liquid polymer-polymer two-phase systems.
Book ChapterDOI
Partition of cell particles and macromolecules in polymer two-phase systems.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the phenomenon of phase separation in polymer–polymer–water mixtures and describes the general behavior of particles and macromolecules in polymer two phase systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Particle fractionation in liquid two-phase systems The composition of some phase systems and the behaviour of some model particles in them application to the isolation of cell walls from microorganisms
TL;DR: The phase systems have been used for the isolation of the cell walls from Chlorella and Aerobacter and the behaviour of some model particles in these phase systems has been investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Counter-current distribution of cells.
P.Å. Albertsson,G.D. Baird +1 more
TL;DR: Work has been presented which demonstrates that the cells behave in a fashion which approximates to that which is theoretically ideal when they are subjected to counter-current distribution of the type due to Craig, and a method has been described whereby the efficiency of the fractionation of cell mixtures by the counter- current procedure can be increased.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A new form of chromatogram employing two liquid phases: A theory of chromatography. 2. Application to the micro-determination of the higher monoamino-acids in proteins.
A. J. P. Martin,R. L. M. Synge +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
On Amino-acids.
TL;DR: 1. VITAMin B1 (THIAMINE MONONITRATE) 20% w/w 2. Vitamin B2 (RIBOFLAVIN) 10% w /w 3. V ITAMIN B3 (NICOTINAMIDE) 50% w/.