Journal ArticleDOI
Criminal Deterrence Research at the Outset of the Twenty-First Century
TLDR
In this article, the authors assess the effectiveness of policy options for deterring crime and find that some policies that are effective in preventing crime in the short term may be ineffective or even criminogenic in the long run because they may erode the foundation of the deterrent effect-fear of stigmatization.Abstract:
Evidence for a substantial deterrent effect is much firmer than it was two decades ago. However, large gaps in knowledge on the links between policy actions and behavior make it difficult to assess the effectiveness of policy options for deterring crime. There are four major impediments. First, analyses must estimate not only short-term consequences but also calibrate long-term effects. Some policies that are effective in preventing crime in the short term may be ineffective or even criminogenic in the long run because they may erode the foundation of the deterrent effect-fear of stigmatization. Second, knowledge about the relationship of sanction risk perceptions to policy is virtually nonexistent; such knowledge would be invaluable in designing effective crime-deterrent policies. Third, estimates of deterrent effects based on data from multiple governmental units measure a policy's average effectiveness across unit. It is important to understand better the sources of variation in response across place a...read more
Citations
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The empirical status of gottfredson and hirschi's general theory of crime: a meta‐analysis
TL;DR: The authors conducted a meta-analysis on existing empirical studies to determine the empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) general theory of crime, and found that low self-control is an important predictor of crime and of "analogous behaviors".
Journal ArticleDOI
The Group Engagement Model: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Cooperative Behavior
Tom R. Tyler,Steven L. Blader +1 more
TL;DR: Several key insights of the group engagement model are reviewed, relating these insights to important trends in psychological research on justice, and implications of the model for the future of procedural justice research are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation.
TL;DR: The concept of legitimacy has a long history within social thought and social psychology, and it has emerged as increasingly important within recent research on the dynamics of political, legal, and social systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancing Police Legitimacy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make three points: first, the police need public support and cooperation to be effective in their order-maintenance role, and they particularly benefit when they have the voluntary support of most members of the public, most of the time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and the Effective Rule of Law
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that the key factor shaping public behavior is the fairness of the processes legal authorities use when dealing with members of the public, both during personal experiences with legal authorities and when community residents are making general evaluations of the law and of legal authorities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms
TL;DR: The notion of "degrees of belief" was introduced by Knight as mentioned in this paper, who argued that people tend to behave "as though" they assigned numerical probabilities to events, or degrees of belief to the events impinging on their actions.
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Crime, shame, and reintegration
TL;DR: The family model of the criminal process: reintegrative shaming as discussed by the authors is a theory of white-collar crime that is based on the theory of the family model and the social conditions conducive to reintegration.
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Probability and statistics
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the notion of conditional probability as the probability of a union of events with respect to a given set of variables, and define a set of classes of variables.
Journal Article
Broken windows: the police and neighbourhood safety
John Wilson,George L. Kelling +1 more