Open Access
Cross-National Patterns of Gender Differences in Mathematics:
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, the authors meta-analyzed two major international data sets, the 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment, representing 493,495 students 14-16 years of age, to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in mathematics achievement, attitudes and affect across 69 nations throughout the world.Abstract:
A gender gap in mathematics achievement persists in some nations but not in others. In light of the underrepresentation of women in careers in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering, increasing research attention is being devoted to understanding gender differences in mathematics achievement, attitudes, and affect. The gender stratification hypothesis maintains that such gender differences are closely related to cultural variations in opportunity structures for girls and women. We meta-analyzed 2 major international data sets, the 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment, representing 493,495 students 14–16 years of age, to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in mathematics achievement, attitudes, and affect across 69 nations throughout the world. Consistent with the gender similarities hypothesis, all of the mean effect sizes in mathematics achievement were very small (d 0.15); however, national effect sizes showed considerable variability (ds 0.42 to 0.40). Despite gender similarities in achievement, boys reported more positive math attitudes and affect (ds 0.10 to 0.33); national effect sizes ranged from d 0.61 to 0.89. In contrast to those of previous tests of the gender stratification hypothesis, our results point to specific domains of gender equity responsible for gender gaps in math. Gender equity in school enrollment, women’s share of research jobs, and women’s parliamentary representation were the most powerful predictors of cross-national variability in gender gaps in math. Results are situated within the context of existing research demonstrating apparently paradoxical effects of societal gender equity and highlight the significance of increasing girls’ and women’s agency cross-nationally.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Serious games and mathematical fluency: A study from the gender perspective in primary education
TL;DR: In this article, serious games designed for the development of mathematical fluency have been investigated in primary school classrooms according to gender, and the authors examined to what extent these games contribute to the overall school performance.
Gender Differences in General Achievement in Mathematics: An International Study.
TL;DR: In this paper, the question of gender mathematics differences was investigated using standardized mean difference comparisons and variance ratios, and the findings mostly supported previous findings in the related literature; no statistically significant large differences were observed comparing the performance of girls and boys in mathematics achievement and the number of high achievers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Did sexual selection and culture interact in the evolution of human height
Ethan Gahtan,Quentin J. Mark +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of ALEKS on Mathematics Learning in K-12 and Higher Education: A Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide evidence of effectiveness for widely used online learning technologies, such as Assessment and LEarninin, in the context of remote learning in education, and propose a method to evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies.
References
More filters
Book
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
Book
Culture′s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values
TL;DR: In his book Culture's Consequences, Geert Hofstede proposed four dimensions on which the differences among national cultures can be understood: Individualism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculinity as mentioned in this paper.
Book
Development as Freedom
TL;DR: In this paper, Amartya Sen quotes the eighteenth century poet William Cowper on freedom: Freedom has a thousand charms to show, That slaves howe'er contented, never know.
Book
Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory
TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.