Open Access
Cross-National Patterns of Gender Differences in Mathematics:
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, the authors meta-analyzed two major international data sets, the 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment, representing 493,495 students 14-16 years of age, to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in mathematics achievement, attitudes and affect across 69 nations throughout the world.Abstract:
A gender gap in mathematics achievement persists in some nations but not in others. In light of the underrepresentation of women in careers in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering, increasing research attention is being devoted to understanding gender differences in mathematics achievement, attitudes, and affect. The gender stratification hypothesis maintains that such gender differences are closely related to cultural variations in opportunity structures for girls and women. We meta-analyzed 2 major international data sets, the 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment, representing 493,495 students 14–16 years of age, to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in mathematics achievement, attitudes, and affect across 69 nations throughout the world. Consistent with the gender similarities hypothesis, all of the mean effect sizes in mathematics achievement were very small (d 0.15); however, national effect sizes showed considerable variability (ds 0.42 to 0.40). Despite gender similarities in achievement, boys reported more positive math attitudes and affect (ds 0.10 to 0.33); national effect sizes ranged from d 0.61 to 0.89. In contrast to those of previous tests of the gender stratification hypothesis, our results point to specific domains of gender equity responsible for gender gaps in math. Gender equity in school enrollment, women’s share of research jobs, and women’s parliamentary representation were the most powerful predictors of cross-national variability in gender gaps in math. Results are situated within the context of existing research demonstrating apparently paradoxical effects of societal gender equity and highlight the significance of increasing girls’ and women’s agency cross-nationally.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A longitudinal study of Pekrun’s control-value theory and the internal/external frame of reference model in predicting academic anxiety
TL;DR: The authors examined 836 Chinese secondary school students over the course of an academic year to investigate the individual antecedents of academic anxiety in multiple classes, and found that academic anxiety was associated with academic stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Controlling for Prior Attainment Reduces the Positive Influence that Single-Gender Classroom Initiatives Exert on High School Students’ Scholastic Achievements
TL;DR: Controlling for students’ prior attainment, findings indicate that students do not appear to benefit from being taught in single-gender relative to mixed-gender classrooms in Language and STEM-related subjects, and suggest that gender-segregated classroom initiatives may not bolster students' grades.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding subgroup differences with general mental ability tests in employment selection: Exploring socio‐cultural factors across inter‐generational groups
Peter A. Hausdorf,Chet Robie +1 more
TL;DR: The authors explored the impact of individual and socio-cultural factors on GMA test scores with immigrant and non-immigrant bus driver applicants and found that incorporating these variables between non-visible minority and minority groups accounted for considerable variance in general mental ability test scores across groups.
Dissertation
Technology self-perceptions: the effects of gender, education program and job type
TL;DR: Acknowledgements and acknowledgements are given in Table of Table of Contents as discussed by the authors, Section 5.1.1, Section 6.2, Section 7.3, Section 8.
Posted ContentDOI
Global determinants of navigation ability
Antoine Coutrot,Ricardo Silva,Ed Manley,William de Cothi,Saber Sami,Véronique D. Bohbot,Jan M. Wiener,Christoph Hölscher,Ruth C. Dalton,Michael Hornberger,Hugo J. Spiers +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a mobile-based virtual reality navigation task to measure spatial navigation ability in more than 2.5 million people globally and found that navigation ability is not smoothly distributed globally but clustered into five distinct yet geographically related groups of countries.
References
More filters
Book
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
Book
Culture′s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values
TL;DR: In his book Culture's Consequences, Geert Hofstede proposed four dimensions on which the differences among national cultures can be understood: Individualism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculinity as mentioned in this paper.
Book
Development as Freedom
TL;DR: In this paper, Amartya Sen quotes the eighteenth century poet William Cowper on freedom: Freedom has a thousand charms to show, That slaves howe'er contented, never know.
Book
Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory
TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.