Journal ArticleDOI
Dextroamphetamine. Its cognitive and behavioral effects in normal and hyperactive boys and normal men.
Judith L. Rapoport,Monte S. Buchsbaum,Herbert Weingartner,Theodore P. Zahn,Christine Ludlow,Edwin J. Mikkelsen +5 more
TLDR
Stimulants appear to act similarly on normal and hyperactive prepubertal boys and adults and adults.Abstract:
The effects of a single oral dose of dextroamphetamine sulfate on motor activity, vigilance, learning, and mood were compared for normal and hyperactive prepubertal boys and normal college-aged men using a double-blind crossover design. Both groups of boys and men showed decreased motor activity increased vigilance, and improvement on a learning task after taking the stimulant drug. The men reported euphoria, while the boys reported only feeling "tired# or "different# after taking the stimulant. It is not clear whether this difference in effect on mood between adults and children is due to differing experience with drugs, ability to report affect, or a true pharmacologic age-related effect. While there were some quantitative differences in drug effects on motor activity and vigilance between these different groups, stimulants appear to act similarly on normal and hyperactive children and adults.read more
Citations
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The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations
TL;DR: Developmental changes in prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions of adolescents across a variety of species, alterations that include an apparent shift in the balance between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems likely contribute to the unique characteristics of adolescence.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes.
TL;DR: The dynamic developmental behavioral theory describes how individual predispositions interact with these conditions to produce behavioral, emotional, and cognitive effects that can turn into relatively stable behavioral patterns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conscious and unconscious perception: An approach to the relations between phenomenal experience and perceptual processes
TL;DR: An approach to the relationships between conscious perception and nonconscious perceptual processes is outlined, which is the rejection of the assumption that phenomenal experience is identical to or is a direct reflection of representations yielded by perceptual processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Study
Chandan J. Vaidya,Glenn Austin,Gary Kirkorian,Hugh W. Ridlehuber,John E. Desmond,Gary H. Glover,John D. E. Gabrieli +6 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that ADHD is characterized by atypical frontal-striatal function and that methylphenidate affects striatal activation differently in ADHD than in healthy children.
Journal ArticleDOI
A network model of catecholamine effects: gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and behavior
TL;DR: A model of catecholamine effects in a network of neural-like elements is presented, which shows that changes in the responsivity of individual elements do not affect their ability to detect a signal and ignore noise but the same changes in cell responsivity do improve the signal detection performance of the network as a whole.
References
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Book
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.