Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving.
TLDR
Hypotheses about the effects of self-focused rumination on interpretations of events and interpersonal problem solving were tested in 3 studies with dysphoric and nondysphoric participants and it was shown that dysphoric participants who ruminated were more pessimistic about positive events in their future than the other 3 groups.Abstract:
Hypotheses about the effects of self-focused rumination on interpretations of events and interpersonal problem solving were tested in 3 studies with dysphoric and nondysphoric participants. Study 1 supported the hypothesis that dysphoric participants induced to ruminatively self-focus on their feelings and personal characteristics would endorse more negative, biased interpretations of hypothetical situations than dysphoric participants induced to distract themselves from their mood, or nondysphoric participants. Study 2 showed that dysphoric participants who ruminated were more pessimistic about positive events in their future than the other 3 groups. Study 3 showed that dysphoric ruminating participants generated less effective solutions to interpersonal problems than the other 3 groups. In Studies 1 and 3, dysphoric ruminating participants also offered the most pessimistic explanations for interpersonal problems and hypothetical negative events. In all 3 studies, dysphoric participants who distracted were as optimistic and effective in solving problems as non-dysphoric participants.read more
Citations
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
Putting Time in perspective : A valid, reliable individual-differences metric
Philip G. Zimbardo,John Boyd +1 more
TL;DR: The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZPI) as mentioned in this paper is a measure assessing personal variations in time perspective profiles and specific time perspective biases, and it has been shown to have convergent, divergent, discriminant and predictive validity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms.
TL;DR: The analyses reported here showed that rumination also predicted depressive disorders, including new onsets of depressive episodes, and predicted chronicity of depressive disorders before accounting for the effects of baseline depressive symptoms, while rumination predicted anxiety symptoms and may be particularly characteristic of people with mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders
Andrew Mathews,Colin MacLeod +1 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that biases in attention, memory, and interpretation, as well as repetitive negative thoughts, are common across emotional disorders, although they vary in form according to type of disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constructive and Unconstructive Repetitive Thought.
TL;DR: Of the existing models of RT, it is proposed that an elaborated version of the control theory account provides the best theoretical framework to account for its distinct consequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions
Ian H. Gotlib,Jutta Joormann +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the study of cognitive aspects of depression must be broadened by investigating neural and genetic factors that are related to cognitive dysfunction in this disorder via integrative investigations to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how cognitive and biological factors interact to affect the onset, maintenance, and course of depression.
References
More filters
Social Foundations of Thought and Action : A Social Cognitive Theory
TL;DR: In this article, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing Coping Strategies: A Theoretically Based Approach
TL;DR: A multidimensional coping inventory to assess the different ways in which people respond to stress was developed and an initial examination of associations between dispositional and situational coping tendencies was allowed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation
TL;DR: According to the reformulation, once people perceive noncontingency, they attribute their helplessness to a cause and this cause can be stable or unstable, global or specific, and internal or external.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mood and memory
TL;DR: Experiments in which happy or sad moods were induced in subjects by hyp- notic suggestion to investigate the influence of emo- tions on memory and thinking found that subjects exhibited mood-state-dependent memory in recall of word lists, personal experiences recorded in a daily diary, and childhood experiences.