Journal ArticleDOI
Electrical and Electro-Chemical Treeing Effect in Polyethylene and Crosslinked Polyethylene Cables
TLDR
In this article, general recommendations for minimizing the treeing effect in PE and XLP cables as well as for testing these cables for tree development have been made based on numerous tests.Abstract:
Numerous polyethylene (PE) and crosslinked polyethylene (XLP) cable samples recovered from the field after one to seventeen years of service have been studied in relation to treeing phenomena. Special test circuits for laboratory growth of electrical and electro-chemical trees have been developed. Based on numerous tests, general recommendations for minimizing the treeing effect in PE and XLP cables as well as for testing these cables for tree development have been made.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Water treeing in polyethylene cables
E.F. Steennis,F.H. Kreuger +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the characteristics of water trees, the effect of aging parameters on water tree growth, and the possible mechanisms of growth are considered, emphasizing vented tree development in polyethylene insulating materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Water Treeing in Solid Dielectrics
M. T. Shaw,S. H. Shaw +1 more
TL;DR: The phenomenon of water-tree degradation of polyolefin insulating materials is reviewed in this article with particular emphasis on the materials aspect of the problem, and the proposed mechanisms for tree initiation and growth, and contradictions in mechanisms and observations, are analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inception and propagation mechanisms of water treeing
TL;DR: In this article, a definition of water trees is proposed on the basis of permanent hydrophilic character and reduced breakdown strength, and properties relevant to the water tree definition and to the inception and propagation mechanism are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Medium voltage cable defects revealed by off-line partial discharge testing at power frequency
M.S. Mashikian,A. Szarkowski +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe typical cable defects uncovered while testing over 9,000 km of medium voltage XLPE insulated cables. And they discuss the "conversion" of water trees (WT) to electrical trees (ET) which are associated with partial discharge (PD) activity in the context of laboratory research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tree-like alumina nanopores generated in a non-steady-state anodization
Abstract: Novel tree-like alumina nanopores were reproducibly obtained in non-steady-state anodization conditions by exponential decrease of anodization potential. The mechanism of pore formation was thought to be due to a combination of electrical treeing and mechanic stress in the growth process. Furthermore, some interesting properties from gold nanotrees were observed showing that the tree-like nanopores will be new templates towards fabrication of nanotrees from a variety of materials possibly exhibiting new shape-dependent properties.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Breakdown of Solid Dielectrics in Divergent Fields
TL;DR: In this article, the average breakdown stress of steel needle-point electrodes embedded in polythene and polyisobutylene polycarbonate polycarbonates was investigated and the effect of enhanced conductivity and space charge accumulation increasing the effective point radius to some 25 and 45 microns for positive and negative points.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation of Insulation Deterioration in 15 KV and 22 KV Polyethylene Cables Removed from Service - Part III
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship of electro-chemical and electrical trees found in service-aged cables is evaluated and two cable designs which have been shown to be particularly susceptible to electrochemical treeing and early failure are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Treeing in Polyethylene as a Prelude to Breakdown
Donald W. Kitchin,O. S. Pratt +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of observing the progressive stages of treeing and final punchout under the microscope is described, and the similarity between the appearance in the final stage of needle breakdowns after preliminary treeing, and that of the breakdown paths from ordinary tests with alternating, direct, or impulse voltage supports the view that in most breakdowns the eventual failure is preceded by treeing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigations of Water Effects on Degradation of Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulated Conductors
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of crosslinked polyethylene (XLP) cable due to moisture was accelerated by a continuously applied ac stress as compared to dc or the absence of voltage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of Polyolefin High-Voltage Insulating Compounds; Dendrite (Tree) Formation Under Highly Divergent Fields
E. J. McMahon,J. R. Perkins +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the dielectric breakdown of polyolefin resins using needle-point electrodes embedded into solid resins and found that the highly divergent field allows relatively slow development of discharge channels, which can be observed as they grow to produce ultimate failure.