Emergence of resistance to cefamandole: possible role of cefoxitin-inducible beta-lactamases.
Christine C. Sanders,W E Sanders +1 more
TLDR
The relationship between presence of inducible enzymes and outcome of therapy should be examined further in humans.Abstract:
Selection of resistance to cefamandole has been observed, and the drug has failed to protect animals lethally infected with certain Enterobacteriaceae that appeared to be highly susceptible in vitro. Using spectrophotometric assays, some of these organisms were found to produce beta-lactamases highly active against cefamandole. Cefoxitin, a poor enzyme substrate, was found to be superior to both cephalothin and cefamandole in induction of these enzymes. A simple disk induction test was developed and used to examine 147 Enterobacteriaceae for production of these beta-lactamases. The enzymes were found in 69% of cephalothin-resistant, cefamandole-susceptible strains and in only 3% of strains susceptible to both cephalothin and cefamandole. They were most prevalent among isolates of Enterobacter, indole-positive Proteus, and Serratia. Since selection of resistance and therapeutic failures have occurred most often among these genera, the relationship between presence of inducible enzymes and outcome of therapy should be examined further in humans.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
beta-Lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance.
TL;DR: The ability of the prevalent beta-Lactamases to cause resistance to widely used beta-lactams, whether resistance is accurately reflected in routine tests, and the extent to which the antibiogram for an organism can be used to predict the type of beta- lactamase that it produces are considered.
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Extended Broad-Spectrum β-Lactamases Conferring Transferable Resistance to Newer β-Lactam Agents in Enterobacteriaceae: Hospital Prevalence and Susceptibility Patterns
TL;DR: Before 1985 at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, resistance to cefotaxime in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae involved only species producing inducible class 1 beta-lactamase; between November 1985 and April 1987, however, 62 isolates showed decreased susceptibility to cffotaximes, and these enzymes were designated EBS-Bla.
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Evolution of plasmid-coded resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins
TL;DR: A clinical isolate of Klebsiella ozaenae with transferable resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins produces a beta-lactamase determined by plasmid pBP60, which was determined to be a natural mutant of SHV-1.
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Next-generation approaches to understand and combat the antibiotic resistome
TL;DR: This Review highlights seminal work in the resistome field, discusses recent advances in the studies of resistomes, and proposes a resistome paradigm that can pave the way for the improved proactive identification and mitigation of emerging antibiotic resistance threats.
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Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase, AmpC, and Carbapenemase Issues
TL;DR: This Commentary focuses on the detection of ESBL resistance in gram-negative pathogens, the most important countermeasure against multidrug-resistant gram- negative pathogens in the absence of new, effective anti-gram-negative antibiotics.
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