Q2. How many respondents were classified as not being environmentally innovative?
Rehfeld et al. (2007) categorised only 20% of their respondents as not carrying out environmental product or process innovations, whilst Hemmelskamp (1999) classified only 33% and Ziegler and Rennings (2004) only 27% of their respondents as not being environmentally innovative.
Q3. How many firms in my research carry out environmental product and process innovations?
As well, only 26% of the firms in my research carry out both, environmental product and process innovations, compared to 30% in Rehfeld1
Q4. Why were the product recycling and life-cycle assessment variables excluded from the final models?
Because the benchmarking, product recycling and life-cycle assessment variables were not significant in the all model specifications, they were excluded from the final models presented here for reasons of parsimony.
Q5. What was the strongest effect of additional activities on the environment?
In case of the additional activities, the strongest effect was found for market research, followed by eco-labelling and informing consumers and market research also had an effect on process innovation.
Q6. What is the important finding in the probit model?
The most important finding is that Hypothesis 1 can be confirmed in the limited multivariate probit model in that EMS implementation has a significant positive effect on both product and process innovations.
Q7. What is the main argument for the insignificant effect of EMS certification on the consumer?
the insignificant effect on process innovations of informing consumers is plausible, since their decisions focus on products and even in the case of information about production processes, these will manifest in buying a particular product for which some related improvement of the production process took place.
Q8. What limitations does the European focus of the analysis have?
In addition to these limitations the European focus of the analysis needs to be acknowledged as one feature of the research that may limit transferability of the findings in light of the institutional differences to other regions.
Q9. What is the limitation of the study?
A limitation of the study is that data were only collected for EMAS-verified firms, thereby limiting the generalisability of the identified determinants for environmental innovations to the population of firms in the German manufacturing sector.