Journal ArticleDOI
Endogenous cytokinins, auxins, and abscisic acid in red algae from Brazil.
Nair S. Yokoya,Wendy A. Stirk,Johannes Van Staden,Ondřej Novák,Veronika Turečková,Aleš Pěnčí k,Miroslav Strnad +6 more
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TLDR
Results confirm that cytokinins, auxins, and ABA were common constituents in red seaweeds, with this being the first report of the occurrence of ABA in Rhodophyta.Abstract:
Endogenous cytokinins, auxins, and abscisic acid (ABA) were identified and quantified in 11 red algae collected from the Brazilian coast. Field materials and two isolates cultured in the laboratory were extracted with various solvents and buffers containing a mixture of appropriate internal standards, purified by solid-phase extraction followed by immunoaffinity chromatography, and analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Isoprenoid cytokinins (free and conjugated forms of isopentenyladenine [iP], cis-zeatin [cZ], and trans-zeatin [tZ]) were detected in all species with concentrations of cZ and iP forms being higher than tZ forms. Dihydrozeatin (DHZ) and its metabolites were only detected at very low levels in nine of the studied species. Aromatic cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine [BA], ortho- and meta-topolin [oT and mT]) were not detected in any of the samples. The cytokinin profile of Chondracanthus teedei (Mert. ex Roth) Kutz. was distinct in comparison to other species with para-topolin (pT) derivatives detected in low concentrations. The main auxins present in all species were free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-acetamide (IAM). Indole-3-ethanol (IEt), indole-3-acetyl glutamic acid (IAGlu), and indole-3-acetyl leucine (IALeu) were detected in a few species at low concentrations. ABA was present in all species analyzed except for Hypnea nigrescens Grev. ex J. Agardh. No ABA conjugates were detected in any species. These results confirm that cytokinins, auxins, and ABA were common constituents in red seaweeds, with this being the first report of the occurrence of ABA in Rhodophyta. The complexity of the hormone profiles suggests that plant hormones play a role in regulating physiological processes in Rhodophyta.read more
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Uncovering Potential Applications of Cyanobacteria and Algal Metabolites in Biology, Agriculture and Medicine: Current Status and Future Prospects
Rachana Singh,Parul Parihar,Madhulika Singh,Andrzej Bajguz,Jitendra Kumar,Samiksha Singh,Vijay Pratap Singh,Sheo Mohan Prasad +7 more
TL;DR: In this review, an endeavor has been made to uncover the significance of various metabolites like phenolics, phytoene/terpenoids, phytols, sterols, free fatty acids, photoprotective compounds, etc., which have several biotechnological, industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic uses.
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Phytohormones in microalgae: a new opportunity for microalgal biotechnology?
TL;DR: It is suggested that modern higher plant phytohormone biosynthesis pathways originate from ancient microalgae even though some of the microalgal phytOHormone signaling pathways remain unknown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of Phytohormone Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Arabidopsis Following Treatment with Commercial Extract from the Marine Macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum
Owen S. D. Wally,Alan T. Critchley,David Hiltz,James S. Craigie,Xiumei Han,L. Irina Zaharia,Suzanne R. Abrams,Balakrishnan Prithiviraj +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that the phytohormone levels present within the extracts are insufficient to cause significant effects in plants when extracts are applied at recommended rates, however, components within seaweed extracts may modulate innate pathways for the biosynthesis of phytOHormones in plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abscisic acid, gibberellins and brassinosteroids in Kelpak®, a commercial seaweed extract made from Ecklonia maxima
TL;DR: It is likely that this cocktail of natural PGRs present in Kelpak® may act individually or in concert and thus contribute to the numerous favourable physiological responses elicited by Kelpak®, application to plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Auxin and cytokinin relationships in 24 microalgal strains(1)
Wendy A. Stirk,Vince Ördög,Vince Ördög,Ondřej Novák,Jakub Rolčík,Miroslav Strnad,Péter Bálint,Johannes Van Staden +7 more
TL;DR: The general trend was that cis‐zeatin types were the predominant cytokinin types and isopentenyladenine‐type cytokinins were present in moderate concentrations, while low levels of trans‐zesatin‐type and very low levelsof dihydrozeatin‐ type cytokin ins were detected.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Auxin: regulation, action, and interaction.
Andrew Woodward,Bonnie Bartel +1 more
TL;DR: Nearly six decades after the structural elucidation of IAA, many aspects of auxin metabolism, transport and signalling are well established; however, more than a few fundamental questions and innumerable details remain unresolved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Indole-3-acetic acid: a reciprocal signalling molecule in bacteria-plant interactions
TL;DR: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an naturally occurring auxin with broad physiological effects and biosynthesis in plants canoccur via different pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conditional transgenic expression of the ipt gene indicates a function for cytokinins in paracrine signaling in whole tobacco plants
TL;DR: The role of cytokinins as a long-range root-to-shoot signal in correlative control of apical dominance and sequential leaf senescence of tobacco is questioned, and the assumption that this hormone is relevant to paracrine signaling is supported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two cytokinin receptors of Arabidopsis thaliana, CRE1/AHK4 and AHK3, differ in their ligand specificity in a bacterial assay.
Lukáš Spíchal,Natalia Yu. Rakova,Michael Riefler,Takeshi Mizuno,Georgy A. Romanov,Miroslav Strnad,Thomas Schmülling +6 more
TL;DR: Strains of Escherichia coli that express two different cytokinin receptors of Arabidopsis thaliana, CRE1/AHK4 and AHK3, were used to study the relative sensitivity of these receptors to various cytokinins, indicating that the diverse cytokinIn compounds might have specific functions in the numerous cytokin in-regulated processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control of abscisic acid synthesis
TL;DR: The potential use of this gene in altering ABA content will be discussed together with other genes encoding ABA biosynthetic enzymes.