Journal ArticleDOI
CYTOKININS: Activity, Biosynthesis, and Translocation
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TLDR
Recent findings on the relationship between CK structural variation and activity, distinct features in CK biosynthesis between higher plants and Agrobacterium infected plants, CK translocation at whole-plant and cellular levels, and CKs as signaling molecules for nutrient status via root-shoot communication are summarized.Abstract:
Cytokinins (CKs) play a crucial role in various phases of plant growth and development, but the basic molecular mechanisms of their biosynthesis and signal transduction only recently became clear. The progress was achieved by identifying a series of key genes encoding enzymes and proteins controlling critical steps in biosynthesis, translocation, and signaling. Basic schemes for CK homeostasis and root/shoot communication at the whole-plant level can now be devised. This review summarizes recent findings on the relationship between CK structural variation and activity, distinct features in CK biosynthesis between higher plants and Agrobacterium infected plants, CK translocation at whole-plant and cellular levels, and CKs as signaling molecules for nutrient status via root-shoot communication.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Direct control of shoot meristem activity by a cytokinin-activating enzyme.
Takashi Kurakawa,Nanae Ueda,Masahiko Maekawa,Kaoru Kobayashi,Mikiko Kojima,Yasuo Nagato,Hitoshi Sakakibara,Junko Kyozuka +7 more
TL;DR: The fine-tuning of concentrations and the spatial distribution of bioactive cytokinins by a cytokinin-activating enzyme as a mechanism that regulates meristem activity is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Delayed leaf senescence induces extreme drought tolerance in a flowering plant
Rosa M. Rivero,Mikiko Kojima,Amira Gepstein,Hitoshi Sakakibara,Ron Mittler,Shimon Gepstein,Eduardo Blumwald +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a transgenic plant expressing an isopentenyltransferase gene driven by a stress-and maturation-induced promoter was used to suppress the senescence of leaves during a long drought period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant hormones are versatile chemical regulators of plant growth
TL;DR: Receptors for many of the major hormones have now been identified, providing new opportunities to study the chemical specificity of hormone signaling and revealing a surprisingly important role for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in hormone signaling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signaling Network in Sensing Phosphate Availability in Plants
Tzyy-Jen Chiou,Shu-I Lin +1 more
TL;DR: The current knowledge on this subject is outlined and hypotheses pertaining to other potential signals and to the organization and coordination of signaling are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokinin action in plant development
Tomáš Werner,Thomas Schmülling +1 more
TL;DR: This work reviews recent progress in understanding the cytokinin system and its links to the regulatory pathways that respond to internal and external signals and contributes to the fine-tuning of quantitative growth regulation in plants.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokinin Oxidase Regulates Rice Grain Production
Motoyuki Ashikari,Hitoshi Sakakibara,Shaoyang Lin,Toshio Yamamoto,Tomonori Takashi,Asuka Nishimura,Enrique R. Angeles,Qian Qian,Hidemi Kitano,Makoto Matsuoka +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a QTL that increases grain productivity in rice, Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2), an enzyme that degrades the phytohormone cytokinIn.
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Cytokinin-Deficient Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Show Multiple Developmental Alterations Indicating Opposite Functions of Cytokinins in the Regulation of Shoot and Root Meristem Activity
TL;DR: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that cytokinins have central, but opposite, regulatory functions in root and shoot meristems and indicate that a fine-tuned control of catabolism plays an important role in ensuring the proper regulation of cytokinin functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants
TL;DR: The DOXP pathway of IPP formation starts from D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate, with DOXP-synthase as the starting enzyme, and provides new insight into the regulation of chloroplast metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of Leaf Senescence by Autoregulated Production of Cytokinin
Susheng Gan,Richard M. Amasino +1 more
TL;DR: This result demonstrates that endogenously produced cytokinin can regulate senescence and provides a system to specifically manipulate the senescences program.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokinin metabolism and action
David W. S. Mok,Machteld C. Mok +1 more
TL;DR: This review centers on cytokinin metabolism with connecting discussions on biosynthesis and signal transduction, and important findings are summarized with emphasis on metabolic enzymes and genes.