Epidemiologic studies utilizing surveys: accounting for the sampling design.
E L Korn,B I Graubard +1 more
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TLDR
Some guidelines are given for when to use the sample clustering and sample weights in the analysis of complex survey data and how to use them depend on certain features of the design.Abstract:
BACKGROUND. Since large-scale health surveys usually have complicated sampling schemes, there is often a question as to whether the sampling design must be considered in the analysis of the data. A recent disagreement concerning the analysis of a body iron stores-cancer association found in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and its follow-up is used to highlight the issues. METHODS. We explain and illustrate the importance of two aspects of the sampling design: clustering and weighting of observations. The body iron stores-cancer data are reanalyzed by utilizing or ignoring various aspects of the sampling design. Simple formulas are given to describe how using the sampling design of a survey in the analysis will affect the conclusions of that analysis. RESULTS. The different analyses of the body iron stores-cancer data lead to very different conclusions. Application of the simple formulas suggests that utilization of the sample clustering in the analysis is appropriate, but that a...read more
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References
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Book
Introduction To Variance Estimation
TL;DR: The method of random groups and the Bootstrap method have been used for estimating variance in complex surveys as discussed by the authors, as well as the Jackknife method and Taylor series methods for generalized variance functions.
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Self-rated health and mortality in the NHANES-I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study.
Ellen L. Idler,Ronald J. Angel +1 more
TL;DR: Proportional hazards analyses indicated that, net of its association with medical diagnoses given in the physical examination, demographic factors, and health related behaviors, self-rated health at Time 1 is associated with mortality over the 12-year follow-up period among middle-aged males, but not among elderly males or females of any age.
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Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States
TL;DR: Across the population, higher intakes of calcium, potassium, and sodium were associated with lower mean systolic blood pressure and lower absolute risk of hypertension, and Increments of dietary calcium were also negatively correlated with body mass.
Journal ArticleDOI
Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES).
TL;DR: It is found that employed males with jobs which are simultaneously low in decision latitude and high in psychological work load have a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction in both data bases.
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Using Sample Survey Weights in Multiple Regression Analyses of Stratified Samples
TL;DR: The use of sample survey weights in a least square regression analysis is examined with respect to four increasingly general specifications of the population regression model as mentioned in this paper, and the appropriateness of the weighted regression estimate depends on which model is chosen.