Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of affective disorders. A reexamination and future directions
Jeff Boyd,Myrna M. Weissman +1 more
TLDR
Using this classification, there is less variation in epidemiologic rates (point prevalence, incidence, and lifetime risk) than has been noted in previous reviews.Abstract:
Epidemiologic studies of depression have been difficult to interpret because of differing case definitions and variation in diagnostic procedures between studies. We review data from recent epidemiologic studies in which the new research diagnostic techniques were used. We have divided the data into studies of depressive symptoms, bipolar disorder, and nonbipolar depression. An effort is made to integrate the findings of older studies in light of this new classification. Using this classification, there is less variation in epidemiologic rates (point prevalence, incidence, and lifetime risk) than has been noted in previous reviews. Future directions of research are also discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Ronald C. Kessler,Katherine A. McGonagle,Shanyang Zhao,Christopher B. Nelson,Michael R. Hughes,Suzann Eshleman,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Kenneth S. Kendler +7 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is greater than previously thought to be the case, and morbidity is more highly concentrated than previously recognized in roughly one sixth of the population who have a history of three or more comorbid disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence
Ronald C. Kessler,Katherine A. McGonagle,Marvin S. Swartz,Dan G. Blazer,Christopher B. Nelson +4 more
TL;DR: Age of onset analysis shows that this sex difference begins in early adolescence and persists through the mid-50s and means that the higher prevalence of 12-month depression among women than men is largely due to women having a higher risk of first onset.
Journal ArticleDOI
The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence.
TL;DR: Three models for how gender differences in depression might develop in early adolescence are described and evaluated and it is concluded that Model 3 is best supported by the available data, although much more research is needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory.
TL;DR: It is suggested that differences in the ways that men and women respond to their own depressive episodes, whatever the origin of these episodes, may be an important source of the sex differences observed in depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diathesis-stress theories in the context of life stress research: Implications for the depressive disorders.
Scott M. Monroe,Anne D. Simons +1 more
TL;DR: Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of life stress in the past 2 decades raise several questions concerning traditional diathesis-stress theories of psychopathology, and information is available on diatheses and stress for specific disorders to provide a foundation for more empirically based hypotheses about diathetic-stress interactions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
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An inventory for measuring depression
TL;DR: The difficulties inherent in obtaining consistent and adequate diagnoses for the purposes of research and therapy have been pointed out and a wide variety of psychiatric rating scales have been developed.
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A self-rating depression scale.
TL;DR: The general depression scales used were felt to be insufficient for the purpose of this research project and the more specific scales were also inadequate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Research diagnostic criteria: Rationale and reliability.
TL;DR: The development and initial reliability studies of a set of specific diagnostic criteria for a selected group of functional psychiatric disorders, the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), indicate high reliability for diagnostic judgments made using these criteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research.
John P. Feighner,Eli Robins,Samuel B. Guze,Robert A. Woodruff,George Winokur,Rodrigo A. Munoz +5 more
TL;DR: Diagnostic criteria for 14 psychiatric illnesses along with the validating evidence for these diagnostic categories comes from workers outside the authors' group as well as from those within; it consists of studies of both outpatients and inpatients, of family studies, and of follow-up studies.