Evaluation of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
John W. Shepard,Warren B. Gefter,Christian Guilleminault,Eric A. Hoffman,Victor Hoffstein,David W. Hudgel,Paul M. Suratt,David P. White +7 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
This review summarizes the information that each of the methods used to study the structure and physiological behavior of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea has contributed to the understanding of the UA.Abstract:
Multiple methods have been used to study the structure and physiological behavior of the upper airway (UA) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Valuable information may be obtained from the physiologic measurement of pressure and resistance along the UA, as well as from imaging techniques that include: direct or fiberoptic visualization, cephalometric roentgenograms, fluoroscopy, acoustic reflection, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. This review summarizes the information that each of these methods has contributed to our understanding of the UA. The results obtained with these different methodologies have generally been complementary with structural narrowing being identified in the majority of patients with OSA. This narrowing is usually focal and located in the velopharyngeal or retropalatal segment of the UA. This is also the predominant site of initial UA collapse. Although obesity with enlargement of soft tissue structures is considered the predominant mechanism leading to UA narrowing, abnormal craniofacial development on a genetic or developmental basis plays an important contributory role.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
TL;DR: The nature and consequences of upper-airway obstruction in adults during sleep has evolved considerably over the past two decades, and there is insufficient awareness of sleep apnea among physicians and the public at large.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Efficacy of Surgical Modifications of the Upper Airway in Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
TL;DR: Analysis of the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty papers revealed that this procedure is, at best, effective in treating less than 50% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and the basis for the American Sleep Disorders Association's practice parameters on this subject is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical Predictors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Michael Friedman,Hasan Tanyeri,M La Rosa,Roy Landsberg,K Vaidyanathan,S Pieri,David D. Caldarelli +6 more
TL;DR: The objective is to identify physical findings that can be standardized to predict the presence and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pulmonary Complications of Obesity
TL;DR: There are numerous medical and surgical therapies for obstructive sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation, and weight reduction in the obese is among the most effective of these measures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Obesity on Respiratory Resistance
TL;DR: It is suggested that in addition to the elastic load, obese subjects have to overcome increased respiratory resistance resulting from the reduction in lung volumes related to being overweight.