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EXPERIMENTAL MODAL ANALYSIS By

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TLDR
Experimental modal analysis has been a popular technique for finding the modes of vibration of a machine or structure as discussed by the authors, which has become widespread as a fast and economical means of finding the mode of vibration.
Abstract
Experimental modal analysis has grown steadily in pop ularity since the advent of the digital FFT spectrum analyzer in the early 1970’s. Today, impact testing (or bump testing) has become widespread as a fast and economical means of finding the modes of vibration of a machine or structure. In this paper, we review all of the main topics associated with experimental modal analysis (or modal testing), including making FRF measurements with a FFT analyzer, modal excitation techniques, and modal parameter estimation from a set of FRFs (curve fitting).

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References
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Identification of the Modal Properties of an Elastic Structure From Measured Transfer Function Data

TL;DR: In this article, a technique for identifying the modal properties of an elastic structure in a testing laboratory is presented, which is based upon the use of digital processing and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to obtain transfer function data, and then use of a least squared error estimator t o identify modality properties from the transfer function.