Open AccessJournal Article
Expression of Cloned Sequences in Biopsies of Human Colonic Tissue and in Colonic Carcinoma Cells Induced to Differentiate in Vitro
Leonard H. Augenlicht,Miryam Z. Wahrman,Heidi Halsey,Leigh Anderson,John Taylor,Martin Lipkin +5 more
TLDR
Flat colonic mucosa in familial polyposis is therefore markedly aberrant and may be highly dedifferentiated, suggesting several possible mechanisms for the very high incidence of cancer that develops in this epithelium.Abstract:
A computer-based scanning and image-processing system has been developed to quantitate the relative level of expression of each of 4000 cloned complementary DNA sequences in small biopsies routinely removed from the mucosa of normal and neoplastic human large intestine. Individuals have been studied from well-defined population groups in which colonic epithelial cells have progressed to increasingly advanced stages of neoplastic transformation. Comparison of normal colonic mucosa to colonic carcinomas demonstrated alterations in expression of approximately 7% of the cloned sequences; fewer changes were found between benign colonic adenomas and either normal colonic mucosa or carcinomas. A subset of the sequences which change in expression during progression from normal mucosa, to adenoma, to carcinoma showed complementary changes when colon carcinoma cells were induced to differentiate in vitro with sodium butyrate; quantitative correlations between in vivo and in vitro results were highly significant.
Comparison of normal colonic mucosa with mucosa from patients with the autosomal dominant disease familial polyposis revealed more extensive alterations in gene expression involving approximately 25% of the clones screened. Flat colonic mucosa in familial polyposis is therefore markedly aberrant and may be highly dedifferentiated, suggesting several possible mechanisms for the very high incidence of cancer that develops in this epithelium.read more
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References
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Molecular cloning of gene sequences regulated by platelet-derived growth factor
TL;DR: The screened cDNA library for gene sequences that are regulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in BALB/c-3T3 cells indicates that these sequences correspond to "early genes" which are not induced as a consequence of cell growth, but rather are directly regulated by PDGF.
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Mechanisms of Tumor Progression
TL;DR: It is the purpose of this brief discussion to summarize some current thoughts concerning tumor progression and suggest where present investigations may be leading.
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The role of gene dosage and genetic transpositions in carcinogenesis
TL;DR: Analysis of chromosome translocations associated with B-cell derived tumours and studies of chromosome-15 trisomy in murine leukaemia support the theory, emerging from recent work on tumour viruses, that cancer can be associated with DNA rearrangements which result in the increased expression of normal cellular genes.
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Emergence of permanently differentiated cell clones in a human colonic cancer cell line in culture after treatment with sodium butyrate.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that permanently differentiated cell populations emerged in a colonic cancer cell line after sodium butyrate treatment.
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The experimental study of tumor progression: a review.
TL;DR: The subject is reviewed now with the especial purpose of seeking some general principles and working hypotheses to guide investigation of the nature and mechanism of progression.