Journal ArticleDOI
Fisheries as a large-scale experiment on life-history evolution: disentangling phenotypic and genetic effects in changes in maturation and reproduction of North Sea plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.
TLDR
Analyzing the observed changes in reproductive strategy of female North Sea plaice since 1900 supported the hypothesis that fishing caused a genetical change in Lmat, although an unequivocal interpretation is not possible from a descriptive study.Abstract:
This paper attempts to interpret the observed changes in reproductive strategy of female North Sea plaice since 1900 in the light of possible genetical selection exerted by the fisheries. Somatic growth of juvenile plaice increased between the 1950s and the 1980s, probably as a response to an increase in food availability. Adult growth rate was constant, except during a period of increased population abundance when somatic growth decreased. Both length (Lmat) and age at first sexual maturity decreased since 1990. No firm evidence was obtained for a change in total reproductive investment, although size-specific fecundity was reduced in the period of increased population abundance, suggesting a trade-off between egg numbers and egg size. Analysis of the phenotypic response of maturation to an increase in juvenile growth suggested that only a part of the decrease in Lmat could be ascribed to the observed increase in juvenile growth. The unexplained part of the change in Lmat corresponded with the predicted change due to genetical selection by the fisheries. This supported the hypothesis that fishing caused a genetical change in Lmat, although an unequivocal interpretation is not possible from a descriptive study.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Age and Growth
TL;DR: The effects of gear selectivity and ontogenetic behavioural changes of fl atfi shes on the accurate estimation of age structure and growth rates were recognised, especially with the offshore movement of larger juvenile plaice from the nursery grounds and a general offshore movement with size and age.
Book ChapterDOI
The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems
Simon Jennings,Michel J. Kaiser +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of fishing on benthic fauna, habitat, diversity, community structure and trophic interactions in tropical, temperate and polar marine environments and consider whether it is possible to predict or manage fishing-induced changes in marine ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fishing, selection, and phenotypic evolution
TL;DR: Fisheries managers should be alert to the evolutionary change caused by fishing, because such changes are likely to be hard to reverse and, if properly controlled, could bring about an evolutionary gain in yield.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maturation trends indicative of rapid evolution preceded the collapse of northern cod
Esben Moland Olsen,Esben Moland Olsen,Mikko Heino,George R. Lilly,M. Joanne Morgan,John Brattey,Bruno Ernande,Ulf Dieckmann +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that, up until the moratorium, the life history of northern cod continually shifted towards maturation at earlier ages and smaller sizes, which strongly suggests fisheries-induced evolution of maturation patterns in the direction predicted by theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine reserves are necessary but not sufficient for marine conservation
TL;DR: Conditions under which reserves are likely to be effective are outlined, some guidelines for increasing their conservation potential are provided, and some research priorities to fill critical information gaps are suggested.
References
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Book
Generalized Linear Models
Peter McCullagh,John A. Nelder +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalization of the analysis of variance is given for these models using log- likelihoods, illustrated by examples relating to four distributions; the Normal, Binomial (probit analysis, etc.), Poisson (contingency tables), and gamma (variance components).
Book
Introduction to quantitative genetics
TL;DR: The genetic constitution of a population: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and changes in gene frequency: migration mutation, changes of variance, and heritability are studied.
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Generalized Linear Models
TL;DR: This is the rst book on generalized linear models written by authors not mostly associated with the biological sciences, and it is thoroughly enjoyable to read.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of life histories
TL;DR: In this article, age and size at maturity at maturity number and size of offspring Reproductive lifespan and ageing are discussed. But the authors focus on the effects of age and stage structure on fertility.
Journal Article
Human biochemical genetics
TL;DR: For the next few weeks the course is going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach it’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery.