Journal ArticleDOI
Forest growth along a rainfall gradient in Hawaii: Acacia koa stand structure, productivity, foliar nutrients, and water- and nutrient-use efficiencies
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Koa responds to water limitation both by reducing stand LAI and by adjusting gas exchange, which results in increased intrinsic water-use efficiency but decreased E, suggesting productivity was limited more by water than by nutrient availability.Abstract:
We tested whether variation in growth of native koa (Acacia koa) forest along a rainfall gradient was attributable to differences in leaf area index (LAI) or to differences in physiological performance per unit of leaf area Koa stands were studied on western Kauai prior to Hurricane Iniki, and ranged from 500 to 1130 m elevation and from 850 to 1800 mm annual precipitation Koa stands along the gradient had basal area ranging from 8 to 42 m2/ha, LAI ranging from 14 to 54, and wood increment ranging from 07 to 71 tonnes/ha/year N, P, and K contents by weight of sun leaves (phyllodes) were negatively correlated with specific leaf mass (SLM, g m-2) across sites; on a leaf area basis, N increased whereas P and K decreased with SLM LAI, aboveground woody biomass increment, and production per unit leaf area (E) increased as phyllode δ13C became more negative The δ13C data suggested that intrinsic water-use efficiency (ratio of assimilation to conductance) increased as water availability decreased In five of the six sites, phyllode P contents increased as LAI increased, but biomass increment and E were not correlated with phyllode nutrient contents, suggesting that productivity was limited more by water than by nutrient availability Because vapor pressure deficits increased with decreasing elevation, actual water-use efficiency (ratio of assimilation to transpiration) was lower at drier, low-elevation sites There was a trade-off between intrinsic water-use efficiency and production per unit of canopy N or P across the gradient In summary, koa responds to water limitation both by reducing stand LAI and by adjusting gas exchange, which results in increased intrinsic water-use efficiency but decreased Eread more
Citations
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Impacts of root competition in forests and woodlands: a theoretical framework and review of experiments
David A. Coomes,Peter J. Grubb +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a worldwide review of changes in canopy form and fine-root mass along gradients of soil fertility and seasonal drought, keeping in mind the stages of forest development.
Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of 10-to 32-page fact sheets for 83 of the most important agroforestry species in the region were published, providing information on products, uses, interplanting applications, environmental requirements, propagation methods and cultivation techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecosystem structure and productivity of tropical rain forests along altitudinal gradients with contrasting soil phosphorus pools on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured above-ground net primary productivity and ecosystem structure and processes in eight rain forest stands at four elevations (700, 1700, 2700 and 3100m) and on two geological substrates (sedimentary vs. ultrabasic rock) on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of mixed tree plantations on the nutrition of individual species: a review
TL;DR: A better understanding of processes responsible for changes to tree productivity in mixed-species tree plantations can improve species, and within-species, selection so that the long-term outcome of mixtures is more predictable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of stand structure on carbon-13 of vegetation, soils, and canopy air within deciduous and evergreen forests in Utah, United States
TL;DR: Seasonal patterns of the relationship δ13Ccanopy versus 1/[CO2]canopy were strongly influenced by precipitation and air temperature during the growing season, and 13C enrichment above and photosynthetic draw-down of [CO2?]canopy below tropospheric baseline values were larger in the open than in the dense stands, due to the presence of a vigorous understory vegetation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Photosynthesis
TL;DR: In this article, the physical and enzymatic bases of carbone isotope discrimination during photosynthesis were discussed, noting how knowledge of discrimination can be used to provide additional insight into photosynthetic metabolism and the environmental influences on that process.
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On the Relationship Between Carbon Isotope Discrimination and the Intercellular Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Leaves
TL;DR: It is shown how diffusion of gaseous COz can significantly affect carbon isotopic discrimination and a simple relationship between discrimination and the ratio of the intercellular and atmospheric partial pressures of COZ is developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isotopic Composition of Plant Carbon Correlates With Water-Use Efficiency of Wheat Genotypes
TL;DR: It is suggested that carbon-isotope analysis may be a useful tool in selection for improved water-use efficiency in breeding programmes for C3 species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the characteristics of SUN and SHADE SPECIES in terms of light saturation, pigment content, and leaf anatomy, and the role of CO2 Diff usion and the carboxylation of Ribulose Diphosphate.
Book
Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i
TL;DR: This revised edition of "the most significant botanical publication on Pacific plants in recent decades" (Flora Vitiensis Nova) includes an extensive addendum providing information on newly described species, nomenclatural changes, and new island records together with a bibliography of important taxonomic references published since the first edition.