Journal ArticleDOI
Functional organization of catfish retina
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The horizontal cell participates directly in the formation of biphasic receptive fields of bipolar cells by providing their surrounding, whereas type N neuron seems to modify the receptive-field organization established in the bipolar cells.Abstract:
1. The basic organization of the biphasic (or concentric) receptive field is established in the bipolar cells as the result of an interaction between two signals, one local representing the activity of a small number of receptors, and the other integrating (19, 20) or global (28) coming from the S space or a lamina formed by the horizontal cells (8, 14, 22, 29). 2. Bipolar-ganglion cell pairs are segregated into two types; A (on center) and B (off center) pairs. A depolarization of a bipolar cell produces spike discharges from ganglion cells of the same type and a hyperpolarization depresses their discharges. I haven9t detected any cross talk between the types A and B pairs. Bipolar and ganglion cells must be interfaced by the classical chemical synapses, the only such kind in the catfish retina. 3. Horizontal and type N neurons form two lateral transmission systems, one distal and the other proximal (19, 20). Signals in the lateral systems are shared by the two receptive-field types and are not excitatory or inhibitory in themselves; it is incumbent upon the postsynaptic neurons to decide the polarity of the synaptic transmission. The horizontal cell participates directly in the formation of biphasic receptive fields of bipolar cells by providing their surrounding, whereas type N neuron seems to modify the receptive-field organization established in the bipolar cells. 4. Type N neurons are amacrine cells because they do not produce spike discharges (2, 18, 21) and because they influence the activity of both A and B receptive fields. 5. The function of the type C neuron is as unique as its structure (21) and is not fully clear as yet. It is not a conventional amacrine cell as the type N appears to be, nor is it a classical ganglion cell which forms either a type A or B receptive field (2). 6. Type Y neurons are a class of ganglion cells which forms either a type A or B receptive field.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Intracellular staining reveals different levels of stratification for on- and off-center ganglion cells in cat retina
TL;DR: No other morphological feature except stratification appears to be important in determining the sign of the response of these cells, and the nature of the rod and cone pathways to ganglion cells is discussed.
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Neuronal architecture of on and off pathways to ganglion cells in carp retina
TL;DR: Carp thus resembles cat in the basic organization of on and off pathways in the retina.
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GABA-ergic pathways in the goldfish retina.
TL;DR: A high‐affinity uptake mechanism for [3H]‐γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been localized to type H1 cone horizontal cells and type Ab pyriform amacrine cells in the retina of the goldfish by light and electron microscope autoradiography andSynaptic relations of apparently GABA‐ergic neurons were investigated in the electron microscope.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chapter 11 Cell types using glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina
TL;DR: The goal of this review is to summarize the evidence for glutamate as the neurotransmitter of 6 major retinal cell types; rods, cones, OFF bipolar cells, rod bipolar cells and ganglion cells.
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Chapter 7 New views of primate retinal function
TL;DR: This review will focus on some of the recent advances in knowledge of the monkey retina, particularly those dealing with the physiological properties of retinal ganglion cells and thalamic neurons in macaque monkey.
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