Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
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TLDR
Differences in rates of progression between ethnic groups was reduced by adjustment for various lengths of follow-up and testing rates, so that women appeared to progress to type 2 diabetes at similar rates after a diagnosis of GDM.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE —To examine factors associated with variation in the risk for type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published between January 1965 and August 2001, in which subjects underwent testing for GDM and then testing for type 2 diabetes after delivery. We abstracted diagnostic criteria for GDM and type 2 diabetes, cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes, and factors that predicted incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS —A total of 28 studies were examined. After the index pregnancy, the cumulative incidence of diabetes ranged from 2.6% to over 70% in studies that examined women 6 weeks postpartum to 28 years postpartum. Differences in rates of progression between ethnic groups was reduced by adjustment for various lengths of follow-up and testing rates, so that women appeared to progress to type 2 diabetes at similar rates after a diagnosis of GDM. Cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes increased markedly in the first 5 years after delivery and appeared to plateau after 10 years. An elevated fasting glucose level during pregnancy was the risk factor most commonly associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS —Conversion of GDM to type 2 diabetes varies with the length of follow-up and cohort retention. Adjustment for these differences reveals rapid increases in the cumulative incidence occurring in the first 5 years after delivery for different racial groups. Targeting women with elevated fasting glucose levels during pregnancy may prove to have the greatest effect for the effort required.read more
Citations
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Antepartum A1C, maternal diabetes outcomes, and selected offspring outcomes: an epidemiological review.
TL;DR: Katon et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted an epidemiological review of the literature with respect to A1C levels during pregnancy and associated maternal and offspring outcomes, and found that 1% increase in A 1C at GDM diagnosis was associated with 2.36 times higher odds of post-partum abnormal glucose 6 weeks after delivery.
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A position statement on screening and management of prediabetes in adults in primary care in Australia.
Kirstine J. Bell,Jonathan E. Shaw,Louise Maple-Brown,Wendy Ferris,Susan G. Gray,Giuliana Murfet,Rebecca Flavel,Bernie Maynard,Hannah Ryrie,Barry Pritchard,Rachel Freeman,Brett A. Gordon +11 more
TL;DR: A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to implement healthy lifestyle changes through education, nutrition and physical activity, and pharmacotherapy, metabolic surgery and psychosocial care should be considered, in order to enhance the outcomes associated with lifestyle change.
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Inherited destiny? Genetics and gestational diabetes mellitus.
TL;DR: The advent of genome-wide association and identification of loci contributing to susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus has opened a small window into the genetics of GDM and insights into fetal outcomes are reviewed.
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Strategies Associated with Higher Postpartum Glucose Tolerance Screening Rates for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Jean Y. Ko,Patricia M. Dietz,Elizabeth J. Conrey,Loren Rodgers,Cynthia Shellhaas,Sherry L. Farr,Cheryl L. Robbins +6 more
TL;DR: Strategies associated with higher postpartum glucose screening for GDM patients included clinical protocols for post partum testing, electronic medical records to alert providers of the need for testing, and reminders to patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correction to: The discovery of novel predictive biomarkers and early-stage pathophysiology for the transition from gestational diabetes to type 2 diabetes
Saifur R. Khan,Saifur R. Khan,Haneesha Mohan,Haneesha Mohan,Ying Liu,Ying Liu,Battsetseg Batchuluun,Battsetseg Batchuluun,Himaben Gohil,Himaben Gohil,Dana Al Rijjal,Dana Al Rijjal,Yousef Manialawy,Yousef Manialawy,Brian J. Cox,Erica P. Gunderson,Michael B. Wheeler,Michael B. Wheeler +17 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the graph in Fig. 5f became misaligned during typesetting because the axes of the ellipsoidal plane were misaligned.
References
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Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
William C. Knowler,Elizabeth Barrett-Connor,Sarah E. Fowler,Richard F. Hamman,John M. Lachin,Elizabeth A. Walker,David M. Nathan +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a lifestyle intervention with metformin to prevent or delay the development of Type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic individuals. And they found that the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than the medication.
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TL;DR: Type 2 diabetes can be prevented by changes in the lifestyles of high-risk subjects by means of individualized counseling aimed at reducing weight, total intake of fat, and intake of saturated fat and increasing intake of fiber and physical activity.
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Effects of Diet and Exercise in Preventing NIDDM in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study
Xiao Ren Pan,Guang Wei Li,Ying Hua Hu,Ji Xing Wang,Wenying Yang,Zuo Xin An,Ze Xi Hu,Juan Lin,Jian Zhong Xiao,Hui Bi Cao,Ping An Liu,Xi Gui Jiang,Ya Yan Jiang,Jin Ping Wang,Hui Zheng,Hui Zhang,Peter H. Bennett,Barbara V. Howard +17 more
TL;DR: Diet and/or exercise interventions led to a significant decrease in the incidence of diabetes over a 6-year period among those with IGT, and thereby reduce the overall incidence of diabetic complications.
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Guide to clinical preventive services: a challenge to physician resourcefulness
TL;DR: The physician's degree of resourcefulness, i.e., the ability to deal skillfully and promptly with new situations, is important for changing the health behaviors of patients within the constraints of a brief office visit, was in short supply among primary care physicians selected for their interest in preventive medicine.