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Journal ArticleDOI

High frequency positive pressure ventilation during anaesthesia and routine surgery in man.

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TLDR
The respiratory and circulatory conditions in high frequency positive pressure ventilation in the dog have been investigated previously and by means of expiratory resistance a positive intratracheal pressure was maintained throughout the respiratory cycle.
Abstract
The respiratory and circulatory conditions in high frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) in the dog have been investigated previously. By means of expiratory resistance a positive intratracheal pressure was maintained throughout the respiratory cycle. Adequate ventilation was achieved at low intratracheal and transpulmonary pressures. A clinical test of this form of ventilation was conducted in connection with routine surgery in 15 patients; in 11 patients neuroleptic analgesia and in four patients thiopental sodium anaesthesia and pethidine analgesia was combined with oxygen-nitrous oxide ventilation (30 % O2 in N2O). Muscle relaxants were given to all patients except one. The patients were ventilated, with the same gas mixtures, either manually (anaesthetic apparatus), with the Engstrom Respirator (ER-300) or by HFPPV. HFPPV was studied at different frequencies and different relative insufflation times (15–35 % of the period time). Expiratory minute volumes, intratracheal pressures (HFPPV) and tubing pressures (ER-300), arterial pH, Pco2, Po2, base excess and standard bicarbonate were determined. During HFPPV there was a positive intratracheal pressure throughout the respiratory cycle. In all patients adequate alveolar ventilation was obtained with HFPPV. The changes both in the blood gases and acid-base status, and in the intratracheal pressures and expiratory volumes, in relation to frequency and insufflation time, agreed in principle with those observed in the previous animal experiments. During HFPPV, i. e. with low intratracheal pressures, the patients maintained an adequate arterial Po2 and to judge from the pH and Pco2 this did not necessitate hyperventilation. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die respiratorischen und zirkulatorischen Auswirkungen hochfrequenter Oberdruckbeatmung (HFPPV) am Hund wurden bereits friiher untersucht. Mittels eines Ausatmungswiderstandes wurde wahrend des gesamten Atmungszyklus ein positiver intratrachealer Druck aufrechterhalten. Ausreichende Ventilation wurde bei niedrigen intratrachealen und transpulmonalen Drucken erreicht. Wahrend Routineoperationen wurde diese Beatmungsform an 15 Patienten klinisch getestet. 11 Patienten erhielten Neurolept-Analgesie, 4 Thiopental Natrium, und Pethidin-Analgesie, und alle erhielten Sauerstoff-Stickoxydul-Ventilation (30 %O2 N2O). Alle Patienten, mit einer Ausnahme, bekamen Muskelrelaxantien. Die Patienten wurden mit der gleichen Gasmischung beatmet, entweder manuell (Narkoseapparat), mit dem Engstrom-Respirator (ER-300)oder mittels HFPPV. Bei letzteren wurden verschiedene Frequenzen und verschiedene relative Insufflationszeiten (15–35 % des Beatmungszyklus) untersucht. Es wurden dabei die expiratorischen Minutenvolumina, die Intratrachealdrucke (HFPPV) und die Schlauchdrucke (ER-300), sowie arterielle pH, PCO2, PO2, BE und Standard-Bikarbonat bestimmt. Unter HFPPV bestand wahrend des ganzen Beatmungszyklus ein positiver Intratrachealdruck. Bei allen Patienten wurde mit HFPPV eine ausreichende alveolare Ventilation erzielt. Die Veranderungen, sowohl im Blut und im SPure-BasenStatus als auch in den Trachealdrucken und Expirationsvolumina, in Abhangigkeit von der Frequenzund der Insufflationszeit, stimmten im Prinzip rnitjenen iiberein, die bei den vorhergegangenen Tierversuchen beobachtet worden waren. Wahrend HFPPV mit niedrigen intratrachealen Drucken hielten die Patienten einen ausreichenden arteriellen Po2 aufrecht und eine Hyperventilation erschien, nach den pH- und PCO2-Werten zu schlieBen, nicht erforderlich.

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Citations
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Book ChapterDOI

High Frequency Ventilation

TL;DR: There are compelling theoretical reasons to suspect that HFV may be superior to CMV in this group of diseases, and any convincing evidence that any of them are superior to conventional mechanical ventilation in diffuse parenchymal lung disease with hypoxia in humans is doubted.
Journal ArticleDOI

Review of the physiological rationale for and development of high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation--HFPPV.

TL;DR: The inertia characteristics of the lungs should be able to achieve critical suppression of the circulatory effects of the ventilatory pattern under insufflation with a high frequency and a shortinsufflation period.
Journal ArticleDOI

Anesthesia for Microlaryngeal Surgery: The Case for Subglottic Jet Ventilation

TL;DR: Animal and human studies are reported demonstrating the utility and safety of subglottic ventilation when provided with proper monitoring using an automatic ventilator and the physiology, physics, and problems of each anesthetic technique.
Journal ArticleDOI

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation: Theoretical Considerations and Clinical Observations

TL;DR: Results suggest that HFJV may be the ideal form of support for patients with major airway disruption and extensive clinical trials are warranted to define advantages and limits of this form of ventilation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Acute respiratory distress in adults.

TL;DR: Positive end-expiratory pressure was most helpful in combating atelectasis and hypoxaemia and Corticosteroids appeared to have value in the treatment of patients with fat-embolism and possibly viral pneumonia.
Journal ArticleDOI

Treatment of the Idiopathic Respiratory-Distress Syndrome with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous positive airway pressure was applied to 20 infants severely ill with idiopathic respiratory-distress syndrome (IRS) to lower the inspired oxygen within 12 hours.
Journal ArticleDOI

Impaired oxygenation in surgical patients during general anesthesia with controlled ventilation. a concept of atelectasis.

TL;DR: If the pattern of ventilation, by itself, may influence oxygenation during anesthesia and surgery, and the hypothesis that progressive pulmona...
Journal ArticleDOI

Pulmonary Complications and Water Retention in Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

TL;DR: Water retention without evidence of cardiac failure developed in 19 of 100 patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and was associated with radiologic evidence of pulmonary edema and with the following significant changes: a mean gain in weight and a mean increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient.
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