Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures
Georg E. Matt,Penelope J.E. Quintana,Melbourne F. Hovell,John T. Bernert,S Song,N Novianti,T Juarez,Joshua N Floro,Christine A. Gehrman,M Garcia,Sarah Larson +10 more
TLDR
Infants of smokers are at risk of ETS exposure in their homes through dust, surfaces, and air as well as in households of non-smokers who expose their children to ETS.Abstract:
Objectives: To examine (1) whether dust and surfaces in households of smokers are contaminated with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); (2) whether smoking parents can protect their infants by smoking outside and away from the infant; and (3) whether contaminated dust, surfaces, and air contribute to ETS exposure in infants. Design: Quasi-experiment comparing three types of households with infants: (1) non-smokers who believe they have protected their children from ETS; (2) smokers who believe they have protected their children from ETS; (3) smokers who expose their children to ETS. Setting: Homes of smokers and non-smokers. Participants: Smoking and non-smoking mothers and their infants ⩽ 1 year. Main outcome measures: ETS contamination as measured by nicotine in household dust, indoor air, and household surfaces. ETS exposure as measured by cotinine levels in infant urine. Results: ETS contamination and ETS exposure were 5–7 times higher in households of smokers trying to protect their infants by smoking outdoors than in households of non-smokers. ETS contamination and exposure were 3–8 times higher in households of smokers who exposed their infants to ETS by smoking indoors than in households of smokers trying to protect their children by smoking outdoors. Conclusions: Dust and surfaces in homes of smokers are contaminated with ETS. Infants of smokers are at risk of ETS exposure in their homes through dust, surfaces, and air. Smoking outside the home and away from the infant reduces but does not completely protect a smoker’s home from ETS contamination and a smoker’s infant from ETS exposure.read more
Citations
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Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Emerging Evidence and Arguments for a Multidisciplinary Research Agenda
Georg E. Matt,Penelope J.E. Quintana,Hugo Destaillats,Lara A. Gundel,Mohamad Sleiman,Brett C. Singer,Peyton Jacob,Neal L. Benowitz,Jonathan P. Winickoff,Virender K. Rehan,Prue Talbot,Suzaynn F. Schick,Jonathan M. Samet,Yinsheng Wang,Bo Hang,Manuela Martins-Green,James F. Pankow,Melbourne F. Hovell +17 more
TL;DR: The existing evidence on thirdhand smoke (THS) provides strong support for pursuing a programmatic research agenda to close gaps in current understanding of the chemistry, exposure, toxicology, and health effects of THS, as well as its behavioral, economic, and sociocultural considerations and consequences.
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Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards
Mohamad Sleiman,Lara A. Gundel,James F. Pankow,Peyton Jacob,Brett C. Singer,Hugo Destaillats +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that residual nicotine from tobacco smoke sorbed to indoor surfaces reacts with ambient nitrous acid (HONO) to form carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), which represents an unappreciated health hazard through dermal exposure, dust inhalation, and ingestion.
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Beliefs About the Health Effects of “Thirdhand” Smoke and Home Smoking Bans
Jonathan P. Winickoff,Joan Friebely,Susanne E. Tanski,Cheryl Sherrod,Georg E. Matt,Melbourne F. Hovell,Robert McMillen +6 more
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that beliefs about the health effects of thirdhand smoke are independently associated with home smoking bans, andphasizing that third hand smoke harms the health of children may be an important element in encouraging homesmoking bans.
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