Human Epicardial Adipose Tissue Is a Source of Inflammatory Mediators
Tomasz Mazurek,LiFeng Zhang,Andrew A. Zalewski,John D. Mannion,James T. Diehl,Hwyda A. Arafat,Lea Sarov-Blat,Shawn O’Brien,Elizabeth A. Keiper,Anthony G. Johnson,Jack L. Martin,Barry J. Goldstein,Yi Shi +12 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Epicardial adipose tissue is a source of several inflammatory mediators in high-risk cardiac patients and plasma inflammatory biomarkers may not adequately reflect local tissue inflammation.Abstract:
Background— Inflammatory mediators that originate in vascular and extravascular tissues promote coronary lesion formation. Adipose tissue may function as an endocrine organ that contributes to an inflammatory burden in patients at risk of cardiovascular complications. In this study, we sought to compare expression of inflammatory mediators in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose stores in patients with critical CAD.
Methods and Results— Paired samples of epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissues were harvested at the outset of elective CABG surgery (n=42; age 65±10 years). Local expression of chemokine (monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) was analyzed by TaqMan real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (mRNA) and by ELISA (protein release over 3 hours). Significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α mRNA and protein were observed in epicardial adipose stores. Proinflammatory properties of epicardial adipose tissue were noted irrespective of clinical variables (diabetes, body mass index, and chronic use of statins or ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers) or plasma concentrations of circulating biomarkers. In a subset of samples (n=11), global gene expression was explored by DNA microarray hybridization and confirmed the presence of a broad inflammatory reaction in epicardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary artery disease. The above findings were paralleled by the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates in epicardial adipose stores.
Conclusions— Epicardial adipose tissue is a source of several inflammatory mediators in high-risk cardiac patients. Plasma inflammatory biomarkers may not adequately reflect local tissue inflammation. Current therapies do not appear to eliminate local inflammatory signals in epicardial adipose tissue.
Received August 19, 2003; revision received September 10, 2003; accepted September 17, 2003.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-chain Fatty Acids in Control of Body Weight and Insulin Sensitivity
TL;DR: This Review discusses the effects of three SCFA on energy homeostasis and metabolism, as well as how these SCFA can beneficially modulate adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver tissue function and the increasing evidence for a potential role of SCFA as metabolic targets to prevent and counteract obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pericardial Fat, Visceral Abdominal Fat, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Vascular Calcification in a Community-Based Sample The Framingham Heart Study
Guido A. Rosito,Joseph M. Massaro,Udo Hoffmann,Frederick L. Ruberg,Amir A. Mahabadi,Ramachandran S. Vasan,Christopher J. O'Donnell,Caroline S. Fox +7 more
TL;DR: Intrathoracic and pericardial fat are associated with vascular calcification, which suggests that these fat depots may exert local toxic effects on the vasculature, but VAT is a stronger correlate of most metabolic risk factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epicardial adipose tissue: anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart.
TL;DR: Echocardiographic assessment of epicardial adipose tissue could be a simple and practical tool for cardiovascular risk stratification in clinical practice and research and could serve as a reliable marker of visceral adiposity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human epicardial adipose tissue: A review
Harold S. Sacks,John N. Fain +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of epicardial adipose tissue and its relationship to coronary atherosclerosis, and they find that the fat around atheromatous coronary arteries secretes several proinflammatory cytokines and is infiltrated by macrophages, lymphocytes, and basophils.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Adipose Organ
TL;DR: All together these experiments strongly suggest the possibility to modulate the plasticity of the adipose organ with therapeutic implications for obesity and related disorders.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
TL;DR: New insights into inflammation in atherosclerosis not only increase the understanding of this disease, but also have practical clinical applications in risk stratification and targeting of therapy for this scourge of growing worldwide importance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance.
TL;DR: A role for the abnormal regulation of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance is suggested as well as the effects of weight reduction by dietary treatment of obesity on the adipose expression of TNF-alpha mRNA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma Concentration of Interleukin-6 and the Risk of Future Myocardial Infarction Among Apparently Healthy Men
TL;DR: A role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the early stages of atherogenesis is supported in apparently healthy men, and elevated levels of IL-6 are associated with increased risk of future MI.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subcutaneous adipose tissue releases interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in vivo.
Vidya Mohamed-Ali,S Goodrick,Ataullah Rawesh,D. R. Katz,J. M. Miles,John S Yudkin,Samuel Klein,Simon W. Coppack +7 more
TL;DR: Although both IL-6 and TNF alpha are expressed by adipose tissue, the results show that there are important differences in their systemic release.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance
TL;DR: Plasma IL-6 was significantly higher in obese subjects and demonstrated a highly significant inverse relationship with S(I) (r = -0.71, P < 0.001), while plasma TNF was significantly associated with plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels (r=0.49, P = 0.002).