Journal ArticleDOI
In vivo microscopic studies of the responses of the liver to endotoxin.
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TLDR
Support is provided for the central role of Kupffer cells in these events and that lysosomal enzymes participate in the toxic response elicited by endotoxin.Abstract:
In vivo microscopic methods concomitant with electron microscopic and histochemical procedures are being used to explore the sequelae of responses of Kupffer cells and the hepatic microvasculature to endotoxins. To gain further insight into the role of the liver in host defense and nonspecific resistance, the effects of endotoxin also are being studied in animals sensitized to endotoxin (BCG infection) or tolerant to endotoxin (pretreated with detoxified endotoxin, low doses of endotoxin, or in C3H/HeJ mice). The results to date, have demonstrated that endotoxin induces significant alterations in the hepatic microcirculation due to swelling of Kupffer and endothelial cells and the adhesion of leukocytes and platelets to the sinusoid wall. Lymphocytes frequently are associated with the Kupffer cells. Phagocytosis also is affected; following a brief period of stimulation, the rate of phagocytosis by Kupffer cells is depressed. In BCG infected animals all of these responses are exaggerated but can be minimized by pretreatment with detoxified endotoxin or minute concentrations of endotoxin 24 h prior to the challenge dose of endotoxin. The responses are not seen in the endotoxin low-responder, C3H/HeJ mouse which was found to have a deficiency in lysosomal enzymes and a paucity of functional Kupffer cells. The results provide some insight into the sequelae of cellular and microvascular events that occur in the liver during endotoxemia, endotoxin-related host defense mechanisms and non-specific resistance. In addition, support is provided for the central role of Kupffer cells in these events and that lysosomal enzymes participate in the toxic response elicited by endotoxin.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The hepatic microcirculation: mechanistic contributions and therapeutic targets in liver injury and repair
TL;DR: The use of the recently introduced techniques to monitor the hepatic microcirculation in humans, such as near-infrared spectroscopy or orthogonal polarized spectral imaging, may allow an early initiation of treatment, which should benefit the final outcome of these critically ill patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
The microcirculation during endotoxemia
TL;DR: The microvascular responses to endotoxemia are reviewed and some of the mechanisms involved are discussed, including eicosanoids, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, reactive free radicals, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide.
Book ChapterDOI
Cell biology and kinetics of Kupffer cells in the liver.
TL;DR: The chapter discusses the involvement of K upffer cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the defense against tumor development and describes the way in which Kupffer cells coordinate their activities with liver-associated NK cells in tumor cell cytotoxicity.
Book
Hepatic Circulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology
TL;DR: The development of knowledge of the hepatic vasculature is presented from a historical perspective with modern concepts summarized based on the perspective of the author’s four decades of devotion to this most marvelous of organs.
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Effect of curcuminoids as anti-inflammatory agents on the hepatic microvascular response to endotoxin.
TL;DR: TCurcuminoids, derived from the plant Curcuma domestica Val.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The involvement of PGE in the endotoxin-activation of macrophages with resultant production of collagenase is demonstrated and the role of prostaglandins in this effect is demonstrated.