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Individualism And Collectivism
TLDR
In this paper, the authors describe how the terms individualism and collectivism are used by an evergrowing legion of users and no one is better equipped to understand how these terms are used.Abstract:
Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1996, Vol 41(6), 540–542. To truly follow cross-cultural psychology one must know how the terms, individualism and collectivism, are used by an ever-growing legion of users. According to the reviewer, no one is better equipped toread more
Citations
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Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.
TL;DR: European Americans were found to be both more individualistic-valuing personal independence more-and less collectivistic-feeling duty to in-groups less-than others, and among Asians, only Chinese showed large effects, being both less individualistic and more collectivist.
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Toward a stewardship theory of management
TL;DR: This article proposed a model based upon the subordinate's psychological attributes and the organization's situational characteristics to reconcile the differences between these assumptions by proposing a model that reconciles the differences among these assumptions.
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Culture and systems of thought: holistic versus analytic cognition.
TL;DR: The authors find East Asians to be holistic, attending to the entire field and assigning causality to it, making relatively little use of categories and formal logic, and relying on "dialectical" reasoning, whereas Westerners are more analytic.
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Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
TL;DR: The Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures: power distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, individualism/collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/ Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint as discussed by the authors.
References
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Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications.
TL;DR: Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of collectivism and individualism have been proposed by as discussed by the authors, with a focus on individualism and collectivism as dimensions of social change.