Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of inherited Indian basement faults on the evolution of the Himalayan Orogen
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In this article, the authors suggest that inherited Indian basement faults affect the ramp-flat geometry of the basal Main Himalayan Thrust, partition the Himalayan range into distinct zones, localize east-west extension resulting in the Tibetan graben and contribute to lateral variability in tectonic evolution along the orogen's strike.Abstract:
Abstract Indian basement faults, which bound three orogen-perpendicular palaeotopographic ridges of Precambrian Indian basement south of the Himalaya, extend to the base of the Indian lithosphere and to the northern extent of the Indian lithosphere underneath Tibet. In the eastern Himalaya, the active orogen-perpendicular Yadong–Gulu graben is aligned with an earthquake-generating strike-slip fault in the high Himalaya. We argue that the graben results from crustal necking during reactivation of the underplated basement fault. In the central Himalaya, along-strike diachronous deformation and metamorphism within the Himalayan metamorphic core, as well as lateral ramps in the foreland thrust belt, spatially correspond to the Lucknow and Pokhara lineaments that bound the subsurface Faizabad Ridge in the Indian basement. Analogue centrifuge modelling confirms that offset along such deep-seated basement faults can affect the location, orientation and type of structures developed at various stages of orogenesis and suggests that it is mechanically feasible for strain to propagate through a melt-weakened mid-crust. We suggest that inherited Indian basement faults affect the ramp-flat geometry of the basal Main Himalayan Thrust, partition the Himalayan range into distinct zones, localize east–west extension resulting in the Tibetan graben and, ultimately, contribute to lateral variability in tectonic evolution along the orogen's strike.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Himalayan Foreland Basin from collision onset to the present: a sedimentary–petrology perspective
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the available stratigraphic, petrographical and mineralogical evidence from sediments and sedimentary rocks on the evolution of the Himalayan belt and its associated foreland basin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Localized foundering of Indian lower crust in the India─Tibet collision zone
TL;DR: It is proposed that two competing processes, plateau formation by underplating and continental loss by foundering or stoping, are simultaneously operating beneath the collision zone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin.
TL;DR: It is shown that active thrust and strike-slip faults, with accumulated slip up to ∼100 m, pass under the trace of the MFT into the foreland basin in eastern Nepal, leading to propagation of deformation at least ∼37 km into theForeland basin beneath the densely populated Ganga plain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accretion, Soft and Hard Collision: Similarities, Differences and an Application from the Newfoundland Appalachian Orogen
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that there is no distinction between accretion and collision as a process, except when accretion is used in the sense of incorporating small bodies of sedimentary and/or volcanic rocks into an accretionary wedge by off-scraping or underplating.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen as constrained by along-strike variation of structural geometry, exhumation history, and foreland sedimentation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically review the essential observations relevant to the along-strike variation of the Himalayan geologic framework and its role in Cenozoic Himalayan exhumation, metamorphism and foreland sedimentation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Geological Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau
TL;DR: Cessation of rapid Pacific trench migration coincided with a slowing of fragment extrusion beyond the plateau and probably contributed to the onset of rapid surface uplift and crustal thickening in eastern Tibet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Partially Molten Middle Crust Beneath Southern Tibet: Synthesis of Project INDEPTH Results
K. D. Nelson,Wenjin Zhao,Lawrence D. Brown,J. Kuo,Jinkai Che,Xianwen Liu,Simon L. Klemperer,Yizhaq Makovsky,Rolf Meissner,James Mechie,Rainer Kind,Friedemann Wenzel,James Ni,J. Nabelek,Chen Le-shou,Handong Tan,Wenbo Wei,Alan G. Jones,John R. Booker,Martyn Unsworth,William S.F. Kidd,M. Hauck,Douglas Alsdorf,A. Ross,M. Cogan,Changde Wu,Eric Sandvol,M. A. Edwards +27 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that during Neogene time the underthrusting Indian crust has acted as a plunger, displacing the molten middle crust to the north while at the same time contributing to this layer by melting and ductile flow.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward a complete Himalayan hydrological budget: Spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt and rainfall and their impact on river discharge
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of validated remotely-sensed climate parameters was used to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall, snowfall, and evapotranspiration in order to quantify their relative contribution to mean river discharge.
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