Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of the lateral ventricles and irregular skull base on brain kinematics due to sagittal plane head rotation.
TLDR
The results indicate that the irregular skull base protects nerves and vessels passing through the cranial floor by reducing brain displacement and that the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid relieves strain in regions inferior and superior to the ventricles.Abstract:
Two-dimensional physical models of the human head were used to investigate how the lateral ventricles and irregular skull base influence kinematics in the medial brain during sagittal angular head dynamics. Silicone gel simulated the brain and was separatedfrom the surrounding skull vessel by paraffin that provided a slip interface between the gel and vessel. A humanlike skull base model (HSB) included a surrogate skull base mimicking the irregular geometry of the human. An HSBV model added an elliptical inclusion filled with liquid paraffin simulating the lateral ventricles to the HSB model. A simplified skull base model (SSBV) included ventricle substitute but approximated the anterior and middle cranial fossae by a flat and slightly angled surface. The models were exposed to 7600 rad/s2 peak angular acceleration with 6 ms pulse duration and 5 deg forced rotation. After 90 deg free rotation, the models were decelerated during 30 ms. Rigid body displacement, shear strain and principal strains were determined from high-speed video recorded trajectories of grid markers in the surrogate brains. Peak values of inferior brain surface displacement and strains were up to 10.9X (times) and 3.3X higher in SSBV than in HSBV. Peak strain was up to 2.7X higher in HSB than in HSBV. The results indicate that the irregular skull base protects nerves and vessels passing through the cranial floor by reducing brain displacement and that the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid relieves strain in regions inferior and superior to the ventricles. The ventricles and irregular skull base are necessary in modeling head impact and understanding brain injury mechanisms.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome.
TL;DR: The focus of this review is on the current status of PPCS as a clinical entity from the perspective of recent advances in the biomechanical modeling of concussion in human and animal studies, particularly directed at a better understanding of the neuropathology associated with concussion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanics of concussion
David F. Meaney,Douglas H. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: Past studies defining the common mechanisms for mild traumatic brain injury are reviewed and efforts to convert the external input to the head (force, acceleration, and velocity) into estimates of motions and deformations of the brain that occur during mild traumatic head injury are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concussion in professional football: brain responses by finite element analysis: part 9.
TL;DR: This study compares brain responses with physician determined signs and symptoms of concussion to investigate tissue-level injury mechanisms and showed the largest brain deformations occurred after the primary head acceleration.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Mechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of What We Know and What We Need to Know for Reducing Its Societal Burden
TL;DR: This review highlights the major advances made in understanding the biomechanical basis of TBI and point out opportunities to generate significant new advances in the understanding ofTBI biomechanics, especially as it appears across the molecular, cellular, and whole organ scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Finite-element models of the human head and their applications in forensic practice
TL;DR: This paper reviews the main FEMs developed and focuses on the models which can be used as predictive tools, and their possible applications in forensic medicine are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate
Thomas A. Gennarelli,Lawrence E. Thibault,J H Adams,David I. Graham,C J Thompson,R. P. Marcincin +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that axonal damage produced by coronal head acceleration is a major cause of prolonged traumatic coma and its sequelae and is identical to that seen in severe head injury in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical model simulations of brain injury in the primate
TL;DR: The primate skull physical model data and the critical shear strain associated with the threshold for severe diffuse axonal injury were used to scale data obtained from previous studies to man, and thus derive a diffuseAxonal injury tolerance for rotational acceleration for humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of brain and cerebrospinal fluid volumes with MR imaging. Part I. Methods, reliability, and validation.
M I Kohn,N K Tanna,Gabor T. Herman,Susan M. Resnick,P D Mozley,R.E. Gur,Abass Alavi,Robert A. Zimmerman,Ruben C. Gur +8 more
TL;DR: The authors believe that their technique to analyze MR images of the brain performed with acceptable levels of accuracy and reliability and that it can be used to measure brain and CSF volumes for clinical research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanical analysis of experimental diffuse axonal injury
David F. Meaney,Douglas H. Smith,David I. Shreiber,Allison C. Bain,Reid T. Miller,Doug T. Ross,Thomas A. Gennarelli +6 more
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to present results from methodologies used in the laboratory that are targeted toward identifying specific brain injury thresholds, as well as identifying new means of diagnostic and treatment techniques for diffuse axonal injury.