Journal ArticleDOI
Intermittent sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in pregnancy: effectiveness against malaria morbidity in Blantyre, Malawi, in 1997-99.
Stephen J. Rogerson,Stephen J. Rogerson,Ebbie Chaluluka,Maxwell Kanjala,Patrick Mkundika,Chisale Mhango,Malcolm E. Molyneux,Malcolm E. Molyneux +7 more
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TLDR
Intermittent presumptive treatment with SP is having a positive impact on some, but not all indicators of malaria infection and morbidity in Malawi, and improved implementation and continued surveillance are essential.Abstract:
Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy predisposes to maternal and foetal morbidity. In 1993 Malawi adopted intermittent presumptive therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as malaria prophylaxis for all pregnant women. To assess operational effectiveness of SP, we examined (in 1997-99) the relationship between number of doses of SP prescribed in antenatal clinic and indicators of malaria infection and morbidity at delivery, including peripheral and placental parasitaemia, maternal and neonatal anaemia, and birthweight. Among Malawian women delivering in a large urban hospital, SP prescription was associated with a decrease in placental malaria prevalence (from 31.9% with no SP prescription to 22.8% with > or = 2 doses SP) and density, decreased prevalence of low birthweight (from 23% in women not receiving SP to 10.3% in women given > or = 2 doses), and higher maternal haemoglobin concentrations. These effects were most marked in first and second pregnancies, in which malaria prevalence was highest. Maternal and cord blood malaria prevalence and mean cord blood haemoglobin concentrations did not differ with SP usage. Implementation of the SP administration policy was incomplete: 24% of women were not prescribed any SP, and only 30% were prescribed at least 2 doses as recommended. Intermittent presumptive treatment with SP is having a positive impact on some, but not all indicators of malaria infection and morbidity in Malawi. Improved implementation and continued surveillance are essential.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas.
TL;DR: It is estimated that each year 75,000 to 200,000 infant deaths are associated with malaria infection in pregnancy and the failure to apply known effective antimalarial interventions through antenatal programs continues to contribute substantially to infant deaths globally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Malaria during Pregnancy on Low Birth Weight in Sub-Saharan Africa
Helen L. Guyatt,Robert W. Snow +1 more
TL;DR: The pathological effects of malaria during pregnancy and the implications for the newborn's development and survival are reviewed, suggesting that around 100,000 infant deaths each year could be due to LBW caused by malaria duringregnancy in areas of malaria endemicity in Africa.
Infection and Drug Resistance
TL;DR: Dr Benjamin A H Jensen Dr Aarabi Dr Mera A Ababneh Dr Albert Abaka-Yawson Dr Mohamed Salah Abassi Dr Getahun Abate Dr Tarek Mohamed Abd ElAziz Dr Rehab M Abd El-Baky Dr Amir Abdoli Dr Akebe Luther King Abia Dr Fatma Ben Abid Prof Dr Khaled M Aboshanab Mr Ashenafi Abossie Dr Abouelfetouh Dr Maja Abram
Journal ArticleDOI
Return of Chloroquine Antimalarial Efficacy in Malawi
Miriam K. Laufer,Phillip C. Thesing,Nicole D. Eddington,Rhoda Masonga,Fraction K. Dzinjalamala,Shannon L. Takala,Terrie E. Taylor,Christopher V. Plowe +7 more
TL;DR: Chloroquine is again an efficacious treatment for malaria, 12 years after it was withdrawn from use in Malawi.
Journal ArticleDOI
The sick placenta: The role of malaria
Bernard J. Brabin,Bernard J. Brabin,Cleofé Romagosa,S. Abdelgalil,Clara Menendez,Francine H. Verhoeff,Rose McGready,Rose McGready,K. A. Fletcher,Stephen Owens,Umberto D'Alessandro,François Nosten,François Nosten,P. R. Fischer,Jaume Ordi +14 more
TL;DR: The review attempts to bring together local events at the maternal-fetal interface which encompass immunological and pathological processes which relate to the epidemiological pattern of malaria in pregnancy in areas of both high and low malaria transmission.
References
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Journal Article
An analysis of malaria in pregnancy in Africa.
TL;DR: The recovery seen in late pregnancy suggests that the women mount a satisfactory immune response to malaria infection, reacquiring their prepregnancy immune status at about the time of delivery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal antibodies block malaria.
Michal Fried,François Nosten,François Nosten,Alan Brockman,Alan Brockman,Bernard J. Brabin,Patrick E. Duffy +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that anti-adhesion antibodies, which limit the accumulation of parasites in the placenta, appear in pregnant women from Africa and Asia who have been pregnant on previous occasions, but not in those who are pregnant for the first time (primigravidas), and that an anti- adhesion vaccine for maternal malaria may be globally effective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase and Dihydropteroate Synthase and Epidemiologic Patterns of Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine Use and Resistance
Christopher V. Plowe,Joseph F. Cortese,Abdoulaye A. Djimde,Okey C. Nwanyanwu,William M. Watkins,Peter A. Winstanley,Jose G. Estrada Franco,René Mollinedo,Juan Carlos Avila,Jose Luis Cespedes,Darrick Carter,Ogobara K. Doumbo +11 more
TL;DR: Identification of specific sets of mutations causing in vivo drug failure may lead to the development of molecular surveillance methods for pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Malaria infection of the placenta in The Gambia, West Africa; its incidence and relationship to stillbirth, birthweight and placental weight
TL;DR: The incidence of placental malaria at parturition and its effects on the conceptus have been investigated in The Gambia and the widely prevalent view that pregnancy exacerbates maternal malaria by attenuating acquired immunity is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of placental malaria in an area of Kenya with a high prevalence of malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Monica E. Parise,John G. Ayisi,Bernard L. Nahlen,L. J. Schultz,Jacquelin M. Roberts,Ambrose O. Misore,Richard O. Muga,Aggrey J. Oloo,Richard W. Steketee +8 more
TL;DR: While a two-dose SP regimen may be effective in areas with low HIV seroprevalence, administration of SP monthly during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy should be considered in areas of high HIV seropolisation to prevent the effects of maternal malaria on the newborn.