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Large discrete transition in a single DNA molecule appears continuous in the ensemble.

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TLDR
In this paper, the authors observed giant double-stranded DNA chains by fluorescence microscopy in an aqueous environment and found that the coil-globule transition of T4DNA, 166kbp, induced by spermidine is markedly discrete for individual chains, and continuous for their ensemble average.
Abstract
We observed giant double-stranded DNA chains by fluorescence microscopy in an aqueous environment. We found that the coil-globule transition of T4DNA, 166kbp, induced by spermidine is markedly discrete for individual chains, and continuous for their ensemble average. Simple theoretical consideration is given taking account of the hierarchy of the system. It is suggested that the unique characteristics of the transition for long DNA has a general significance for the coil-globule transition in other biological and synthetic ``stiff polymers.''

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Journal ArticleDOI

DNA condensation by multivalent cations.

TL;DR: The statistical mechanics of the collapse of stiff polymers are summarized, which shows why DNA condensation is abrupt and why toroids are favored structures.
Journal ArticleDOI

Stretching of Single Collapsed DNA Molecules

TL;DR: The elastic response of single plasmid and lambda phage DNA molecules was probed using optical tweezers at concentrations of trivalent cations that provoked DNA condensation in bulk to observe worm-like chain (WLC) behavior and the transition from WLC behavior to condensation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biomolecules under mechanical force

TL;DR: Experimental, theoretical and numerical techniques used to examine the dynamics of biomolecules under the application of external mechanical force are discussed and certain experimental protocols are suggested to observe theoretical predictions in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI

Condensed DNA: condensing the concepts.

TL;DR: A brief description of main experimental features of DNA condensation inside viruses, bacteria, eukaryotes and the test tube and main theoretical approaches for the description of these systems are presented.
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