Low-level lead exposure and children's cognitive function in the preschool years.
David C. Bellinger,Jone Sloman,Alan Leviton,Michael Rabinowitz,Herbert L. Needleman,Christine Waternaux +5 more
TLDR
In a cohort of 170 middle and upper-middle class children participating in a prospective study of child development and low-level lead exposure, higher blood lead levels at age 24 months were associated with lower scores at age 57 months on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities.Abstract:
In a cohort of 170 middle and upper-middle class children participating in a prospective study of child development and low-level lead exposure, higher blood lead levels at age 24 months were associated with lower scores at age 57 months on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. The mean blood lead level at age 24 months was 6.8 micrograms/dL (SD = 6.3; 75th, 90th, and 99th percentiles: 8.8, 13.7, 23.6, respectively) and for all but 1 child was less than 25 micrograms/dL, the current definition of an "elevated" level. After adjustment for confounding, scores on the General Cognitive Index decreased approximately 3 points (SE = 1.4) for each natural log unit increase in 24-month blood lead level. The inverse association between lead level and performance was especially prominent for visual-spatial and visual-motor integration skills. Higher prenatal exposures were not associated with lower scores at 57 months except in the subgroup of children with "high" concurrent blood lead levels (ie, greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/dL). The concentration of lead in the dentine of shed deciduous teeth was not significantly associated with children's performance after adjustment for confounding.read more
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Intellectual Impairment in Children with Blood Lead Concentrations below 10 μg per Deciliter
Richard L. Canfield,Charles R. Henderson,Deborah A. Cory-Slechta,Christopher Cox,Christopher Cox,Todd A. Jusko,Bruce P. Lanphear +6 more
TL;DR: Blood lead concentrations, even those below 10 microg per deciliter, are inversely associated with children's IQ scores at three and five years of age, and associated declines in IQ are greater at these concentrations than at higher concentrations.
Toxicological Profile for Lead
Henry Abadin,Annette Ashizawa,Yee-Wan Stevens,Fernando Llados,Gary Diamond,Gloria Sage,Mario Citra,Antonio Quinones,Stephen J Bosch,Steven G Swarts +9 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children
Virginia Rauh,Robin Garfinkel,Frederica P. Perera,Howard Andrews,Lori Hoepner,Dana B. Barr,Ralph D. Whitehead,Deliang Tang,Robin Whyatt +8 more
TL;DR: Children exposed to higher, compared with lower, chlorpyrifos levels were significantly more likely to experience Psychomotor Development Index and Mental Development Index delays, attention problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder problems, and pervasive developmental disorder problems at 3 years of age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lead toxicity: current concerns.
TL;DR: A brief review identifies major advances as well as a number of current concerns that present opportunities for prevention and intervention strategies in lead toxicity in children and adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intellectual Impairment in Children With Blood Lead Concentrations Below 10 μg per Deciliter
Richard L. Canfield,Charles R. Henderson,Deborah A. Cory-Slechta,Christopher Cox,Todd A. Jusko,Bruce P. Lanphear +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that substantially more children in the United States undergo adverse cognitive change from environmental exposure to lead than was previously thought and primary prevention is essential in view of the lack of effective treatment for children with moderate blood lead elevations.