Journal ArticleDOI
Memory impairment in monkeys following lesions limited to the hippocampus.
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TLDR
The level of impairment does not appear to be due to any of the following factors: time of testing after surgery, prior postoperative testing, surgical techniques, species differences, or behavioral training methods, but preoperative training experience does appear to reduce the severity of the impairment.Abstract:
This study addressed the question of how severe a memory impairment is produced by a lesion limited to the hippocampus. Monkeys with circumscribed hippocampal lesions were tested on the delayed-nonmatching-to-sample task, a test of recognition memory that is sensitive to amnesia in humans. Monkeys were given no preoperative training and were given no postoperative experience prior to training on the delayed-nonmatching-to-sample task. A marked deficit was observed. The results, taken together with those from previous studies, also provided information about the role of several factors that could potentially influence the level of memory impairment following hippocampal lesions. The level of impairment does not appear to be due to any of the following factors: time of testing after surgery, prior postoperative testing, surgical techniques, species differences, or behavioral training methods. However, preoperative training experience does appear to reduce the severity of the impairment, and this factor may account for the observation that the memory impairment associated with hippocampal lesions is sometimes very mild. Finally, a recent case of human amnesia studied in this laboratory is discussed in which a bilateral lesion limited to a portion of the hippocampus produced a well-documented memory deficit.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
TL;DR: The role of the hippocampus is considered, which is needed temporarily to bind together distributed sites in neocortex that together represent a whole memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus
TL;DR: This is the first reported case of amnesia following a lesion limited to the hippocampus in which extensive neuropsychological and neuropathological analyses have been carried out.
Journal ArticleDOI
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic axis.
TL;DR: By utilizing new information from both clinical and experimental studies with animals, the anatomy underlying anterograde amnesia has been reformulated and places critical importance on the efferents from the hippocampus via the fornix to the diencephalon.
Book
Neuropsychology of memory
Larry R. Squire,Nelson Butters +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a summary of presently available information about the neuropsychology of human memory, emphasizing three ideas: a) the neural substrate of memory continues to change for a long time after initial learning, which is distinct from the changes underlying forgetting and involves the medial temporal region of the brain.
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Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems
Larry R. Squire,Stuart M. Zola +1 more
TL;DR: The capacity for nondeclarative (nonconscious) learning can now be studied in a broad array of tasks that assess classification learning, perceptuomotor skill learning, artificial grammar learning, and prototype abstraction.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions.
TL;DR: The results of these studies point to the importance of the hippocampal complex for normal memory function in patients who had undergone similar, but less radical, bilateral medial temporallobe resections, and as a warning to others of the risk to memory involved in bilateral surgical lesions of the hippocampusal region.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alzheimer's disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation.
TL;DR: Examination of temporal lobe structures from Alzheimer patients reveals a specific cellular pattern of pathology of the subiculum of the hippocampal formation and layers II and IV of the entorhinal cortex that isolates the hippocampus from much of its input and output and probably contributes to the memory disorder in Alzheimer patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus
TL;DR: This is the first reported case of amnesia following a lesion limited to the hippocampus in which extensive neuropsychological and neuropathological analyses have been carried out.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chance Orders of Alternating Stimuli in Visual Discrimination Experiments
TL;DR: In this paper, chance orders of alternating stimuli in visual discrimination experiments were used to distinguish between visual discrimination and visual discrimination without visual discrimination, and they were shown to be useful for visual discrimination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Memory in monkeys severely impaired by combined but not by separate removal of amygdala and hippocampus
TL;DR: A discrepancy between the clinical and animal literature could indicate a true evolutionary shift in the functions of the hippocampus, or, at the other extreme, it could simply reflect the use of incommensurate measures across species.